{"id":5941,"date":"2026-06-16T16:15:28","date_gmt":"2026-06-16T16:15:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cloudsave.app\/knowledge-base\/mssql-transaction-log-full-recovery\/"},"modified":"2026-06-16T17:18:58","modified_gmt":"2026-06-16T17:18:58","slug":"i-mssql-transaction-log-igcwele-izindlela-zokuvimbela-kanye-nokubuyisela-ngokushesha","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cloudsave.app\/zu\/knowledge-base\/i-mssql-transaction-log-igcwele-izindlela-zokuvimbela-kanye-nokubuyisela-ngokushesha\/","title":{"rendered":"I-MSSQL Transaction Log Igcwele: Izindlela Zokuvimbela kanye Nokubuyisela Ngokushesha"},"content":{"rendered":"

Kubaphathi be-Database (DBAs) kanye nonjiniyela be-DevOps abaphatha i-Microsoft SQL Server, izexwayiso ezimbalwa ezibangela ukukhathazeka okusheshayo njengephutha 9002: I-transaction log yedathabheyisi ‘X’ igcwele<\/em>. Uma i-transaction log igcwala futhi ingakwazi ukukhula, idathabheyisi iba ngeyokufunda kuphela (read-only). Yonke imisebenzi ye-INSERT<\/code>, UPDATE<\/code>, kanye ne-DELETE<\/code> iyama, ama-transaction ezinhlelo ayahluleka, futhi ukusebenza kwenkampani kuyema nya.<\/p>\n

Ukuqonda ukwakheka okungaphansi kwe-SQL Server transaction log, ukuxilonga ngokunembile imbangela, nokwenza izinqubo zokubuyisela ezisheshayo kuyamakhono abalulekile ekugcineni ukutholakala okuphezulu (high availability). Lo mhlahlandlela ophelele uhlola indlela i-transaction log esebenza ngayo, indlela yokuxazulula ilogi egcwele esimweni esiphuthumayo, kanye nezindlela ezinhle kakhulu zokuvimbela ukuthi lokhu kungenzeki futhi.<\/p>\n

Ukuqonda Ukwakheka kwe-SQL Server Transaction Log<\/h2>\n

Ukuze uxazulule inkinga ye-transaction log egcwele ngempumelelo, kufanele uqale uqonde ukuthi i-SQL Server ibhala futhi iphathe kanjani idatha.<\/p>\n

I-Write-Ahead Logging (WAL)<\/h3>\n

I-SQL Server isebenzisa umthetho we-Write-Ahead Logging (WAL). Noma nini lapho kukhona ukushintshwa kwedatha okwenzekayo, ushintsho luqala lubhalwe ku-transaction log enkumbulweni (memory), bese luthunyelwa kufayela lelogi elisemzimbeni (physical log file) kudiski ngaphambi kokuba amakhasi edatha wangempela abuyekezwe kumafayela edathabheyisi (MDF\/NDF). Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthobela i-ACID (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability), okuqinisekisa ukuthi uma kwenzeka ukuphahlazeka, i-SQL Server ingaphinda (roll forward) noma ihlehlise (roll back) ama-transaction.<\/p>\n

Ama-Virtual Log Files (VLFs) kanye ne-Circular Logging<\/h3>\n

Ngaphakathi, ifayela le-transaction log elisemzimbeni (LDF) lihlukaniswe ngezingxenye ezincane, ezinengqondo ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-Virtual Log Files (VLFs). I-transaction log isebenza ngendlela eyindilinga. Njengoba amarekhodi elogi ebhaliwe, agcwalisa i-VLF eyodwa bese edlulela kwelandelayo.<\/p>\n

Lapho ilogi ifika ekupheleni kwefayela elisemzimbeni, izama ukubuyela ekuqaleni. Nokho, ingabhala phezu kwe-VLF kuphela uma leyo VLF imakwe njenge-inactive<\/strong>. Uma wonke ama-VLF esebenza (okusho ukuthi aqukethe amarekhodi elogi asadingeka yi-SQL Server), ilogi ayikwazi ukubuyela emuva. Uma ukukhula okuzenzakalelayo (auto-growth) kuvuliwe futhi kukhona isikhala kudiski, ifayela elisemzimbeni liyakhula. Uma idiski igcwele noma ukukhula okuzenzakalelayo kuvinjelwe, uzohlangabezana nephutha 9002.<\/p>\n

I-Log Truncation vs. I-Log Shrinking<\/h3>\n

Umbono okhona ovamile ukuthi ukusika (truncating) ilogi kunciphisa usayizi wefayela elisemzimbeni.
\n* I-Log Truncation:<\/strong> Inqubo yokumaka ama-VLF asebenzayo njengangasebenzi, okwenza isikhala sitholakale ukuze siphinde sisetshenziswe. Lokhu akunciphisi<\/em> usayizi wefayela le-LDF kudiski.
\n* I-Log Shrinking:<\/strong> Inqubo yokunciphisa ngokomzimba usayizi wefayela le-LDF nokubuyisela isikhala ohlelweni lokusebenza (operating system).<\/p>\n

Kumodeli ye-Full Recovery, i-log truncation yenzeka kuphela<\/em> uma i-backup ye-transaction log iqedwe ngempumelelo (kucatshangelwa ukuthi azikho ezinye izinqubo ezibambe ilogi).<\/p>\n

Ukuxilonga Iphutha le-“Transaction Log Full” (Iphutha 9002)<\/h2>\n

Lapho ilogi igcwele, isinyathelo sakho sokuqala akufanele kube ukungeza isikhala kudiski noma ukunciphisa amafayela ngokungacabangi. Kufanele uhlonze ukuthi kungani<\/em> ilogi ingakwazi ukusikwa. I-SQL Server inikeza indlela eyakhelwe ngaphakathi yokukutshela ngqo ukuthi yini evimbela ukusetshenziswa kabusha kwelogi nge-sys.databases<\/code> catalog view.<\/p>\n

Sebenzisa umyalo we-T-SQL olandelayo ukuze uhlonze inkinga:<\/p>\n

SELECT \n    name AS DatabaseName, \n    recovery_model_desc AS RecoveryModel, \n    log_reuse_wait_desc AS LogReuseWaitReason\nFROM sys.databases\nWHERE name = 'YourDatabaseName';\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
Ungaphinda uhlole ukusetshenziswa kwesikhala kwamanje kwama-transaction log akho usebenzisa:<\/p>\n
DBCC SQLPERF(LOGSPACE);\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
Izimo ezivamile ze-log_reuse_wait_desc<\/code><\/h3>\n
    \n
  1. LOG_BACKUP:<\/strong> Idathabheyisi ikumodeli ye-Full noma ye-Bulk-Logged recovery, futhi i-backup ye-transaction log ayithathwanga muva nje. Lesi yimbangela evame kakhulu.<\/li>\n
  2. ACTIVE_TRANSACTION:<\/strong> I-transaction esebenza isikhathi eside (isb., ukwakhiwa kabusha kwenkomba enkulu noma i-transaction engaqediwe ekhohliwe) igcina ilogi isebenza.<\/li>\n
  3. REPLICATION \/ CDC:<\/strong> I-Transactional Replication noma i-Change Data Capture (CDC) ivuliwe, futhi i-Log Reader Agent ayikawacubunguli ama-transaction.<\/li>\n
  4. AVAILABILITY_REPLICA:<\/strong> Ku-AlwaysOn Availability Group, i-replica yesibili inqanyuliwe noma ivumelanisa kancane kakhulu, okuphoqa i-replica eyinhloko ukuthi igcine amarekhodi elogi kuze kube yilapho aqiniswa ku-replica yesibili.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    Amasu Okubuyisela Asheshayo: Ukuxazulula Inkinga Ekukhiqizeni<\/h2>\n
    Ngokuya nge-log_reuse_wait_desc<\/code> ebuyisiwe, impendulo yakho yezimo eziphuthumayo izohluka. Nanka amasu okubuyisela asheshayo ezimweni ezivame kakhulu.<\/p>\n
    Isimo 1: Ama-backup elogi alahlekile noma ahlulekayo (LOG_BACKUP<\/code>)<\/h3>\n
    Uma uhlobo lokulinda kungu-LOG_BACKUP<\/code>, isixazululo siqondile: kufanele wenze i-backup ye-transaction log.<\/p>\n
    BACKUP LOG [YourDatabaseName] \nTO DISK = 'N:BackupsYourDatabaseName_EmergencyLog.trn' \nWITH COMPRESSION, STATS = 10;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Uma i-backup isiqediwe, ama-VLF angasebenzi azosikwa, futhi i-SQL Server izoqhubeka nemisebenzi evamile. Uma idrayivu yakho ye-backup igcwele, kungase kudingeke ukuthi wenze i-backup kwisabelo senethiwekhi sesikhashana noma kudivayisi ye-null (akukhuthazwa ngaphandle uma idathabheyisi kulula ukuyikhiqiza kabusha, ngoba lokhu kwephula iketango lelogi):<\/p>\n
    -- ISEXYWAYISO: Lokhu kwephula iketango lelogi futhi kuphazamisa ukubuyiselwa kwesikhathi esithile.\n-- Sebenzisa kuphela uma kudingeka impela futhi ulandele ngokushesha nge-FULL backup.\nBACKUP LOG [YourDatabaseName] TO DISK = 'NUL';\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Isimo 2: Ama-transaction asebenza isikhathi eside (ACTIVE_TRANSACTION<\/code>)<\/h3>\n
    Uma i-transaction eyodwa isebenze amahora amaningi, ivimbela ukusikwa kwelogi ngaso sonke isikhathi. Okokuqala, hlonza i-transaction ebangela inkinga:<\/p>\n
    DBCC OPENTRAN('YourDatabaseName');\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Lo myalo ubuyisela i-transaction endala esebenzayo kanye ne-Server Process ID (SPID) yayo. Ungaqoqa imininingwane eyengeziwe mayelana nokuthi i-SPID yenzani ngokubuza ama-dynamic management views (DMVs):<\/p>\n
    SELECT \n    s.session_id,\n    s.login_name,\n    s.host_name,\n    r.start_time,\n    r.status,\n    r.command,\n    t.text AS QueryText\nFROM sys.dm_exec_sessions s\nJOIN sys.dm_exec_requests r ON s.session_id = r.session_id\nCROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text(r.sql_handle) t\nWHERE s.session_id = <SPID_FROM_DBCC_OPENTRAN>;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Uma i-transaction iwumbuzo ongalungile noma inqubo emile, kungase kudingeke ukuthi uyinqamule ukuze ukhulule ilogi.<\/p>\n
    KILL <SPID>;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Qaphela: Ukunqamula i-transaction enkulu kuzobangela ukuhlehla (rollback), okungathatha isikhathi esiningi futhi kuzokhiqiza umsebenzi owengeziwe welogi okwesikhashana. Ungayiqali kabusha insizakalo ye-SQL Server phakathi nokuhlehla, kungenjalo idathabheyisi izongena kumodi yokubuyisela lapho iqala kabusha.<\/em><\/p>\n
    Isimo 3: Ukwabiwa kwesikhala esiphuthumayo (Idiski igcwele ngo-100%)<\/h3>\n
    Uma ifayela le-LDF lidle idrayivu yonke, awukwazi ngisho nokwenza i-backup ngoba i-SQL Server idinga isikhala esincane selogi ukuze irekhode umcimbi we-backup uqobo. Kulesi simo, kufanele ungeze ifayela lelogi lesibili kwidrayivu ehlukile enesikhala esitholakalayo.<\/p>\n
    ALTER DATABASE [YourDatabaseName]\nADD LOG FILE \n(\n    NAME = N'YourDatabaseName_Log2',\n    FILENAME = N'E:TempLogsYourDatabaseName_Log2.ldf',\n    SIZE = 5GB,\n    MAXSIZE = 50GB,\n    FILEGROWTH = 1GB\n);\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Lokhu kunikeza i-SQL Server indawo yokuphefumula ngokushesha. Uma idathabheyisi isiku-inthanethi, yenza i-backup ye-transaction log, thulula ifayela lelogi lesibili, bese ususa lona:<\/p>\n
    -- 1. Yenza i-log backup ukuze usike ilogi\nBACKUP LOG [YourDatabaseName] TO DISK = '...';\n\n-- 2. Thulula ifayela lelogi lesikhashana\nDBCC SHRINKFILE (N'YourDatabaseName_Log2', EMPTYFILE);\n\n-- 3. Susa ifayela lelogi lesikhashana\nALTER DATABASE [YourDatabaseName] REMOVE FILE [YourDatabaseName_Log2];\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Izindlela Ezinhle Zokuvimbela Nokuphatha i-Transaction Log<\/h2>\n
    Ukuxazulula izinkinga ngemuva kokuba zenzekile kuyakhathaza futhi kuthinta ama-SLA. Ukusebenzisa izindlela ezinhle zokwakha nezokusebenza kubalulekile ekuzinzeni kwedathabheyisi yebhizinisi.<\/p>\n
    1. Sebenzisa Isu le-Backup eliqinile nelizenzakalelayo<\/h3>\n
    Uma idathabheyisi ikumodeli ye-Full recovery, ama-backup e-transaction log avamile ayimpoqo. Ngokuya nge-Recovery Point Objective (RPO) yakho kanye nomthamo we-transaction, ama-backup elogi kufanele enzeke njalo ngemizuzu emi-5 kuya kwengu-15.<\/p>\n
    Izixazululo ze-backup zebhizinisi ezifana ne-CloudSave zenza le nqubo ibe lula kakhulu. Ngokuhlanganisa ngqo ne-SQL Server nge-VDI (Virtual Device Interface), i-CloudSave ivumela ama-DBA ukuthi alungiselele ama-backup e-transaction log avamile, aqhutshwa yinqubomgomo. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi ama-log asikwa njalo, abethelwe ngokuphephile, futhi agcinwe endaweni ekude noma kwisitoreji sefu esingenakushintshwa, kuvimbele isimo sokulinda se-LOG_BACKUP<\/code> ngaphandle kokudinga imisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi ye-SQL Agent.<\/p>\n
    2. Lungisa Usayizi we-Transaction Log futhi uphathe ama-VLF<\/h3>\n
    Ukuthembela ekukhuleni okuzenzakalelayo (auto-growth) ukuze uphathe usayizi we-transaction log yakho kuyindlela eyingozi. Imisebenzi yokukhula okuzenzakalelayo iyabiza futhi imisa ukucubungulwa kwe-transaction ngenkathi idiski iqalwa kabusha (ngaphandle uma i-Instant File Initialization ivuliwe, okungasebenzi kumafayela elogi).<\/p>\n
    Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhula okuzenzakalelayo okuvamile, okuncane (isb., ukukhula ngo-10% noma 50MB ngesikhathi) kuholela ku-VLF fragmentation<\/strong>. I-transaction log enezinkulungwane zama-VLF amancane izonciphisa kakhulu izikhathi zokuqala kwedathabheyisi, ukusebenza kwe-backup, kanye ne-replication latency.<\/p>\n
      \n
    • Pre-size ilogi:<\/strong> Hlaziya imisebenzi yakho yokunakekela enkulu (njengokwakhiwa kabusha kwenkomba) futhi usayizi wefayela le-LDF ube ngaphambi kwesikhathi ukuze uwamukele ngaphandle kokukhula.<\/li>\n
    • Setha ukukhula okuzenzakalelayo okungaguquki:<\/strong> Shintsha ukukhula okuzenzakalelayo kusuka ephesentini uye kusayizi ongaguquki (isb., 1GB noma 5GB) ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi ama-VLF adalwa ngosayizi onempilo.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
      Ungahlola inani lakho le-VLF usebenzisa umbuzo olandelayo (we-SQL Server 2017+):<\/p>\n
      SELECT \n    db_name(database_id) AS DatabaseName,\n    COUNT(vlf_sequence_number) AS VLF_Count\nFROM sys.dm_db_log_info(DB_ID('YourDatabaseName'));\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
      Uma inani lakho le-VLF lingaphezu kuka-500, cabanga ukulinda isikhathi esithulile, unciphise ilogi ibe usayizi omncane, bese uyikhulisa ngesandla ubuyele kusayizi wayo odingekayo ngezingxenye ezinkulu.<\/p>\n
      3. Lungiselela Imisebenzi Yokunakekela Inkomba<\/h3>\n
      Ukwakhiwa kabusha kwenkomba (Index rebuilds) kuyimisebenzi ebhalwe ngokugcwele, ngisho nakumodeli ye-Bulk-Logged recovery (ngokuya ngohlobo lwenkomba). Ukwakha kabusha inkomba engu-500GB kuzokhiqiza okungenani ama-500GB amarekhodi e-transaction log.<\/p>\n
      Ukuze unciphise ukugcwala kwelogi phakathi nokunakekela:
      \n*   Sebenzisa SORT_IN_TEMPDB = ON<\/code> lapho wakha kabusha izinkomba. Lokhu kuthuthela isigaba sokuhlunga ku-TempDB, kunciphise umthwalo ku-transaction log yedathabheyisi yomsebenzisi.
      \n*   Shintsha kusuka ekwakhiweni kabusha kwenkomba (index rebuilds) uye ekuhleleni kabusha kwenkomba (index reorganizes) lapho kungenzeka khona, njengoba ukuhlelwa kabusha kusebenza kahle kakhulu ngelogi futhi kungaphazamiseka ngaphandle kokuhlehla wonke umsebenzi.
      \n*   Hlela imisebenzi emikhulu ye-DELETE<\/code> noma ye-UPDATE<\/code>. Esikhundleni sokususa imigqa eyizigidi eziyi-10 ku-transaction eyodwa, isuse ngezingxenye ezingama-50,000, uqede futhi uvumele ama-backup elogi ukuthi asike ilogi phakathi kwamaqoqo.<\/p>\n
      4. Qapha i-High Availability kanye ne-Replication Topologies<\/h3>\n
      Ku-AlwaysOn Availability Groups, i-replica eyinhloko ayikwazi ukusika ilogi yayo kuze kube yilapho amarekhodi elogi eqiniswe kuwo wonke ama-replica esibili avumelanayo (synchronous) nange-asynchronous. <\/p>\n
      Uma i-replica yesibili ingasebenzi, noma uma umkhawulokudonsa wenethiwekhi ungakwazi ukuhambisana nezinga lokukhiqizwa kwe-transaction okuyinhloko, umugqa wokuthumela (send queue) oyinhloko uzokhula, futhi ilogi izogcwala (uhlobo lokulinda lwe-AVAILABILITY_REPLICA<\/code>).<\/p>\n
      Sebenzisa ukuqapha okuqinile kwe-SQLServer:Replica > Log Send Queue<\/code> performance counter. Uma i-replica yesibili ilahleke unomphela, kufanele uyisuse ku-Availability Group noma umise ukunyakaza kwedatha ukuze uvumele ilogi eyinhloko ukuthi isikwe.<\/p>\n
      Isiphetho<\/h2>\n
      Ukuhlangabezana ne-transaction log egcwele kuyisivivinyo kubaphathi bedathabheyisi, kodwa akudingeki ukuthi kuholele ekumeni okude. Ngokuqonda indlela i-Write-Ahead Logging nama-VLF asebenza ngayo, ungaxilonga ngokushesha imbangela usebenzisa i-sys.databases<\/code> futhi usebenzise isu elilungile lokubuyisela ngokushesha.<\/p>\n
      Ukuzinza kwesikhathi eside kuncike ekusukeni ekulungiseni izinkinga ngemuva kokuba zenzekile. Ukubeka usayizi wamafayela elogi akho ngaphambi kwesikhathi, ukulungiselela izinqubo zokunakekela, nokusebenzisa izinkundla ze-backup zebhizinisi ezifana ne-CloudSave ukuze uphoqe amashejuli e-backup elogi aqinile, azenzakalelayo kuzoqinisekisa ukuthi ama-transaction log akho ahlala enempilo, esikiwe, futhi elungele ukusekela imisebenzi yokukhiqiza ephezulu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
      ** Discover expert strategies for preventing and resolving MSSQL transaction log full errors (Error 9002). Learn rapid recovery techniques, VLF management, and architectural best practices for DBAs.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rank_math_title":"MSSQL Transaction Log Full: Prevention & Recovery","rank_math_description":"** Discover expert strategies for preventing and resolving MSSQL transaction log full errors (Error 9002). 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