{"id":5472,"date":"2026-06-15T14:01:13","date_gmt":"2026-06-15T14:01:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cloudsave.app\/?p=5472"},"modified":"2026-06-15T15:49:12","modified_gmt":"2026-06-15T15:49:12","slug":"%e7%82%ba%e4%bb%80%e9%ba%bc%e8%99%9b%e6%93%ac%e6%a9%9f%e5%bf%ab%e7%85%a7%e5%b0%8d%e6%96%bc%e4%ba%a4%e6%98%93%e5%9e%8b%e8%b3%87%e6%96%99%e5%ba%ab%e4%b8%a6%e4%b8%8d%e5%ae%89%e5%85%a8-dba-%e7%9a%84","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cloudsave.app\/zh-hant\/knowledge-base\/%e7%82%ba%e4%bb%80%e9%ba%bc%e8%99%9b%e6%93%ac%e6%a9%9f%e5%bf%ab%e7%85%a7%e5%b0%8d%e6%96%bc%e4%ba%a4%e6%98%93%e5%9e%8b%e8%b3%87%e6%96%99%e5%ba%ab%e4%b8%a6%e4%b8%8d%e5%ae%89%e5%85%a8-dba-%e7%9a%84\/","title":{"rendered":"\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u865b\u64ec\u6a5f\u5feb\u7167\u5c0d\u65bc\u4ea4\u6613\u578b\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4e26\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\uff1aDBA \u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u6307\u5357"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u5c0d\u65bc DevOps \u5de5\u7a0b\u5e2b\u548c\u7cfb\u7d71\u7ba1\u7406\u54e1\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u865b\u64ec\u6a5f\u5668 (VM) \u5feb\u7167\u662f\u4e00\u9805\u57fa\u790e\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u5b83\u5011\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u5feb\u901f\u3001\u4fbf\u6377\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u57f7\u884c\u9ad8\u98a8\u96aa\u4fee\u88dc\u7a0b\u5f0f\u3001\u91cd\u5927\u914d\u7f6e\u8b8a\u66f4\u6216\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u90e8\u7f72\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u64f7\u53d6\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u767c\u751f\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u5e7e\u79d2\u9418\u5373\u53ef\u5b8c\u6210\u9084\u539f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7576\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u61c9\u7528\u65bc\u4ea4\u6613\u578b\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 PostgreSQL\u3001MySQL\u3001Oracle \u6216 Microsoft SQL Server\uff09\u6642\uff0cVM \u5feb\u7167\u5c31\u6703\u5f9e\u5b89\u5168\u7db2\u8b8a\u6210\u4e00\u9846\u5b9a\u6642\u70b8\u5f48\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f9d\u8cf4\u6a19\u6e96\u865b\u64ec\u5316\u5e73\u53f0 (Hypervisor) \u5feb\u7167\u9032\u884c\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5099\u4efd\uff0c\u662f\u5c0e\u81f4\u8cc7\u6599\u640d\u6bc0\u3001\u9801\u9762\u640d\u58de (torn pages) \u548c\u7121\u6cd5\u5fa9\u539f\u7684\u751f\u7522\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\u65b7\u7684\u6700\u5e38\u898b\u539f\u56e0\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5728\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c07\u63a2\u8a0e\u865b\u64ec\u5316\u5e73\u53f0\u8207\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5f15\u64ce\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u67b6\u69cb\u885d\u7a81\u3001\u5feb\u7167\u671f\u9593\u8cc7\u6599\u640d\u6bc0\u7684\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b89\u5168\u5099\u4efd\u865b\u64ec\u5316\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u6240\u9700\u7684\u5de5\u7a0b\u6700\u4f73\u5be6\u8e10\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u67b6\u69cb\u885d\u7a81\uff1a\u865b\u64ec\u5316\u5e73\u53f0 vs. \u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5f15\u64ce<\/h2>\n<p>\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc VM \u5feb\u7167\u6703\u5371\u53ca\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5fc5\u9808\u5148\u6aa2\u8996\u9019\u5169\u500b\u7cfb\u7d71\u5982\u4f55\u7ba1\u7406\u72c0\u614b\u548c I\/O \u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u865b\u64ec\u5316\u5e73\u53f0\u5982\u4f55\u57f7\u884c\u5feb\u7167<\/h3>\n<p>\u7576\u865b\u64ec\u5316\u5e73\u53f0\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 VMware ESXi\u3001Microsoft Hyper-V \u6216 KVM\uff09\u57f7\u884c\u5feb\u7167\u6642\uff0c\u5b83\u4e26\u4e0d\u6703\u8907\u88fd\u78c1\u789f\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\u5730\uff0c\u5b83\u6703\u5c07\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u865b\u64ec\u78c1\u789f\u6a94\u6848\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 <code>.vmdk<\/code> \u6216 <code>.vhdx<\/code>\uff09\u51cd\u7d50\u70ba\u552f\u8b80\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u4e26\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u500b\u65b0\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u78c1\u789f (delta disk)\u3002\u6240\u6709\u5f8c\u7e8c\u7684\u5beb\u5165\u64cd\u4f5c\u90fd\u6703\u5c0e\u5411\u81f3\u6b64\u5dee\u7570\u78c1\u789f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7576\u522a\u9664\u5feb\u7167\u6642\uff0c\u865b\u64ec\u5316\u5e73\u53f0\u5fc5\u9808\u5c07\u5dee\u7570\u78c1\u789f\u4e2d\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u63d0\u4ea4\uff08\u5408\u4f75\uff09\u56de\u57fa\u790e\u78c1\u789f\u3002\u6a19\u6e96\u5feb\u7167\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u4e86\u89e3\u5ba2\u9ad4\u4f5c\u696d\u7cfb\u7d71\u5167\u57f7\u884c\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u3002\u5b83\u5011\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u8a72\u5fae\u79d2\u77ac\u9593\u7cbe\u78ba\u5730\u64f7\u53d6\u78c1\u789f\u72c0\u614b\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u4ea4\u6613\u578b\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5982\u4f55\u7ba1\u7406\u72c0\u614b<\/h3>\n<p>\u4ea4\u6613\u578b\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u662f\u570d\u7e5e ACID \u7279\u6027\uff08\u539f\u5b50\u6027\u3001\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3001\u9694\u96e2\u6027\u3001\u6301\u4e45\u6027\uff09\u8a2d\u8a08\u7684\u3002\u70ba\u4e86\u5728\u4fdd\u6301 ACID \u5408\u898f\u6027\u7684\u540c\u6642\u5be6\u73fe\u9ad8\u6548\u80fd\uff0c\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4e0d\u6703\u7acb\u5373\u5c07\u6bcf\u7b46\u4ea4\u6613\u76f4\u63a5\u5beb\u5165\u78c1\u789f\u4e0a\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8cc7\u6599\u6a94\u6848\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\u5730\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u4f7f\u7528\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u591a\u5c64\u67b6\u69cb\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u7de9\u885d\u6c60 \/ \u5171\u4eab\u7de9\u885d\u5340 (Buffer Pool \/ Shared Buffers)\uff1a<\/strong> \u8cc7\u6599\u88ab\u8b80\u53d6\u4e26\u5728\u7cfb\u7d71\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u4e2d\u9032\u884c\u4fee\u6539\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u9810\u5beb\u5f0f\u8a18\u9304 (WAL) \/ \u91cd\u505a\u8a18\u9304 (Redo Logs)\uff1a<\/strong> \u8b8a\u66f4\u6703\u4f9d\u5e8f\u5beb\u5165\u78c1\u789f\u4e0a\u9ad8\u5ea6\u6700\u4f73\u5316\u7684\u8a18\u9304\u6a94\uff0c\u4ee5\u78ba\u4fdd\u6301\u4e45\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u6aa2\u67e5\u9ede \/ \u5ef6\u9072\u5beb\u5165 (Checkpoints \/ Lazy Writers)\uff1a<\/strong> \u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u6703\u5b9a\u671f\u5c07\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u4e2d\u4fee\u6539\u904e\u7684\uff08\u9ad2\uff09\u9801\u9762\u5237\u65b0\u5230\u78c1\u789f\u4e0a\u7684\u5be6\u969b\u8cc7\u6599\u6a94\u6848\u4e2d\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u7531\u65bc\u9019\u7a2e\u67b6\u69cb\uff0c\u78c1\u789f\u4e0a\u7684\u5be6\u9ad4\u8cc7\u6599\u6a94\u6848\u5e7e\u4e4e\u7e3d\u662f\u8207\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7684\u5be6\u969b\u72c0\u614b\u4e0d\u540c\u6b65\u3002\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7684\u771f\u5be6\u72c0\u614b\u50c5\u5b58\u5728\u65bc\u78c1\u789f\u4e0a\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u6a94\u6848\u3001WAL\/\u91cd\u505a\u8a18\u9304\u4ee5\u53ca\u76ee\u524d\u99d0\u7559\u5728\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u4e2d\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u7d44\u5408\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u5371\u96aa\u5730\u5e36\uff1aVM \u5feb\u7167\u671f\u9593\u6703\u767c\u751f\u4ec0\u9ebc<\/h2>\n<p>\u7576\u60a8\u5c0d\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u57f7\u884c\u6a19\u6e96 VM \u5feb\u7167\u6642\uff0c\u60a8\u64f7\u53d6\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u500b<strong>\u5d29\u6f70\u4e00\u81f4\u6027 (crash-consistent)<\/strong> \u7684\u72c0\u614b\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u5d29\u6f70\u4e00\u81f4\u6027 vs. \u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e00\u81f4\u6027<\/h3>\n<p>\u5d29\u6f70\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u5feb\u7167\u7b49\u540c\u65bc\u62d4\u6389\u5be6\u9ad4\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u7684\u96fb\u6e90\u7dda\u3002\u78c1\u789f\u72c0\u614b\u88ab\u64f7\u53d6\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u4e2d\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u6703\u907a\u5931\uff0c\u800c\u50b3\u8f38\u5230\u5132\u5b58\u63a7\u5236\u5668\u7684\u4e2d\u9014\u8cc7\u6599\u4e5f\u6703\u7a81\u7136\u4e2d\u65b7\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u96d6\u7136\u73fe\u4ee3\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u8a2d\u8a08\u70ba\u900f\u904e\u91cd\u64ad\u9810\u5beb\u5f0f\u8a18\u9304\u4f86\u5f9e\u610f\u5916\u65b7\u96fb\u4e2d\u5fa9\u539f\uff0c\u4f46\u5c07\u5d29\u6f70\u5fa9\u539f\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u5099\u4efd\u7b56\u7565\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u5371\u96aa\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u8de8\u8d8a\u591a\u500b\u865b\u64ec\u78c1\u789f\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u8cc7\u6599\u6a94\u6848\u5728 <code>D \u69fd<\/code>\uff0cWAL \u5728 <code>E \u69fd<\/code>\uff09\uff0c\u865b\u64ec\u5316\u5e73\u53f0\u53ef\u80fd\u7121\u6cd5\u5728\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5fae\u79d2\u5167\u5c0d\u5169\u500b\u78c1\u789f\u9032\u884c\u5feb\u7167\u3002\u5982\u679c WAL \u78c1\u789f\u5feb\u7167\u662f\u5728\u8cc7\u6599\u78c1\u789f\u5feb\u7167\u4e4b\u5f8c\u624d\u64f7\u53d6\u7684\uff08\u5373\u4f7f\u53ea\u5dee\u5e7e\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u79d2\uff09\uff0c\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5728\u9084\u539f\u6642\u5c31\u7121\u6cd5\u5354\u8abf\u5e8f\u5217\u865f\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u5c0e\u81f4\u81f4\u547d\u7684\u640d\u6bc0\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u5c0d\u9ad8\u4ea4\u6613\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u300cVM \u505c\u9813\u300d(VM Stun) \u6548\u61c9<\/h3>\n<p>\u5feb\u7167\u5efa\u7acb\u904e\u7a0b\u2014\u2014\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u5feb\u7167\u5408\u4f75\u904e\u7a0b\u2014\u2014\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u4e00\u7a2e\u7a31\u70ba\u300cVM \u505c\u9813\u300d\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u70ba\u4e86\u5b89\u5168\u5730\u5c07 I\/O \u5f9e\u57fa\u790e\u78c1\u789f\u5207\u63db\u5230\u5dee\u7570\u78c1\u789f\uff0c\u865b\u64ec\u5316\u5e73\u53f0\u5fc5\u9808\u77ed\u66ab\u5730\u66ab\u505c (stun) \u865b\u64ec\u6a5f\u5668\u3002\u5c0d\u65bc\u8ca0\u8f09\u8f03\u8f15\u7684\u7db2\u9801\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u505c\u9813\u53ef\u80fd\u6301\u7e8c 10-50 \u6beb\u79d2\u4e14\u4e0d\u6613\u5bdf\u89ba\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u5177\u6709\u5927\u91cf I\/O \u7684\u9ad8\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff0c\u5408\u4f75\u5927\u578b\u5dee\u7570\u78c1\u789f\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4 VM \u505c\u9813\u6578\u79d2\u4e4b\u4e45\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728 VM \u505c\u9813\u671f\u9593\uff1a<br \/>\n* \u7db2\u8def\u9023\u7dda\u4e2d\u65b7\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u903e\u6642\u3002<br \/>\n* \u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u53e2\u96c6\uff08\u5982 SQL Server Always On\u3001PostgreSQL Patroni \u6216 MySQL Galera\uff09\u6703\u932f\u904e\u5fc3\u8df3\u6aa2\u67e5\u3002<br \/>\n* \u53e2\u96c6\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u8a8d\u70ba\u505c\u9813\u7684\u7bc0\u9ede\u5df2\u6b7b\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u89f8\u767c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u4e14\u5177\u7834\u58de\u6027\u7684\u5bb9\u932f\u79fb\u8f49\uff08\u8166\u88c2\u60c5\u5883\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u9801\u9762\u640d\u58de (Torn Pages) \u8207 I\/O \u4e0d\u5c0d\u9f4a<\/h3>\n<p>\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5f15\u64ce\u901a\u5e38\u4ee5\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u9801\u9762\u5927\u5c0f\u5beb\u5165\u8cc7\u6599\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 PostgreSQL \u548c SQL Server \u70ba 8KB\uff0cInnoDB \u70ba 16KB\uff09\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5e95\u5c64\u4f5c\u696d\u7cfb\u7d71\u548c\u5132\u5b58\u9663\u5217\u8655\u7406 I\/O \u7684\u5340\u584a\u8f03\u5c0f\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 4KB \u6216 512 \u4f4d\u5143\u7d44\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u865b\u64ec\u5316\u5e73\u53f0\u6070\u597d\u5728\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5beb\u5165 8KB \u9801\u9762\u6642\u9032\u884c\u5feb\u7167\uff0c\u5feb\u7167\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u64f7\u53d6\u65b0\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u524d 4KB \u548c\u820a\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u5f8c 4KB\u3002\u9019\u6703\u7522\u751f\u4e00\u500b<strong>\u9801\u9762\u640d\u58de (torn page)<\/strong>\u3002\u7576\u60a8\u5617\u8a66\u9084\u539f\u5feb\u7167\u6642\uff0c\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u8b80\u53d6\u8a72\u9801\u9762\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u6821\u9a57\u548c\u9a57\u8b49\u5931\u6557\uff0c\u4e26\u5c07\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u6a19\u8a18\u70ba\u640d\u6bc0\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u7279\u5b9a\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5f15\u64ce\u7684\u73fe\u5be6\u5f8c\u679c<\/h2>\n<p>\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5f15\u64ce\u5c0d\u5d29\u6f70\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u5feb\u7167\u7684\u53cd\u61c9\u5404\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u751f\u7522\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u80fd\u512a\u96c5\u5730\u8655\u7406\u9019\u7a2e\u60c5\u6cc1\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>PostgreSQL\uff1a<\/strong> PostgreSQL \u6975\u5ea6\u4f9d\u8cf4 <code>pg_wal<\/code> \u76ee\u9304\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5feb\u7167\u64f7\u53d6\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u76ee\u9304 (<code>$PGDATA<\/code>) \u8207 WAL \u4e0d\u540c\u6b65\uff0cPostgreSQL \u5c07\u7121\u6cd5\u555f\u52d5\uff0c\u4e26\u62cb\u51fa <code>PANIC: could not locate a valid checkpoint record<\/code> \u932f\u8aa4\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>MySQL\/InnoDB\uff1a<\/strong> InnoDB \u4f7f\u7528\u96d9\u5beb\u7de9\u885d\u5340 (doublewrite buffer) \u4f86\u9632\u6b62\u9801\u9762\u640d\u58de\uff0c\u9019\u5c0d\u5d29\u6f70\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u72c0\u614b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u4fdd\u8b77\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5982\u679c <code>ibdata1<\/code> \u6a94\u6848\u548c <code>ib_logfile<\/code> \u4e0d\u540c\u6b65\u88ab\u64f7\u53d6\uff0cInnoDB \u5f15\u64ce\u5728\u5fa9\u539f\u6642\u4ecd\u6703\u5d29\u6f70\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>Microsoft SQL Server\uff1a<\/strong> SQL Server \u5c0d I\/O \u51cd\u7d50\u975e\u5e38\u654f\u611f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6c92\u6709\u9069\u7576\u7684 VSS (\u78c1\u789f\u5340\u9670\u5f71\u8907\u88fd\u670d\u52d9) \u6574\u5408\uff0c\u5f9e\u6a19\u6e96 VM \u5feb\u7167\u9084\u539f SQL Server \u901a\u5e38\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u8655\u65bc\u300c\u53ef\u7591\u300d(suspect) \u72c0\u614b\u4e26\u7834\u58de\u8a18\u9304\u93c8\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u6467\u6bc0\u60a8\u7684\u6642\u9593\u9ede\u5fa9\u539f (PITR) \u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u5b89\u5168\u5099\u4efd\u865b\u64ec\u5316\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u5be6\u8e10<\/h2>\n<p>\u70ba\u4e86\u4fdd\u8b77\u4ea4\u6613\u578b\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff0c\u60a8\u5fc5\u9808\u5f9e\u5d29\u6f70\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u5099\u4efd\u8f49\u5411<strong>\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e00\u81f4\u6027 (application-consistent)<\/strong> \u5099\u4efd\u3002\u9019\u8981\u6c42\u5099\u4efd\u6a5f\u5236\u5fc5\u9808\u8207\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5f15\u64ce\u9032\u884c\u901a\u8a0a\uff0c\u5f37\u5236\u5176\u5728\u9032\u884c\u5feb\u7167\u6642\u5c07\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u5237\u65b0\u5230\u78c1\u789f\u4e26\u66ab\u6642\u66ab\u505c I\/O \u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>1. \u5229\u7528\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u611f\u77e5\u975c\u6b62 (VSS \u548c fsfreeze)<\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u91dd\u5c0d Windows (SQL Server)\uff1a<\/strong><br \/>\n\u8acb\u52d9\u5fc5\u78ba\u4fdd\u60a8\u7684\u5099\u4efd\u89e3\u6c7a\u65b9\u6848\u4f7f\u7528 Microsoft \u78c1\u789f\u5340\u9670\u5f71\u8907\u88fd\u670d\u52d9 (VSS)\u3002\u7576\u89f8\u767c VSS \u611f\u77e5\u5099\u4efd\u6642\uff0cSQL Server VSS Writer \u6703\u51cd\u7d50\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab I\/O\uff0c\u5c07\u5f85\u8655\u7406\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u5237\u65b0\u5230\u78c1\u789f\uff0c\u4e26\u78ba\u4fdd\u5feb\u7167\u9054\u5230\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u91dd\u5c0d Linux (PostgreSQL \/ MySQL)\uff1a<\/strong><br \/>\nLinux \u6c92\u6709 VSS \u7684\u539f\u751f\u5c0d\u61c9\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u70ba\u4e86\u9054\u5230\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff0c\u60a8\u5fc5\u9808\u7d50\u5408\u865b\u64ec\u5316\u5e73\u53f0\u7684\u5ba2\u9ad4\u5de5\u5177\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 VMware Tools\uff09\u4f7f\u7528\u51cd\u7d50\u524d (pre-freeze) \u548c\u89e3\u51cd\u5f8c (post-thaw) \u6307\u4ee4\u78bc\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u9069\u7528\u65bc PostgreSQL 15+ \u7684 VMware <code>pre-freeze-script<\/code> \u7bc4\u4f8b\uff0c\u53ef\u5b89\u5168\u5730\u70ba\u5feb\u7167\u6e96\u5099\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">#!\/bin\/bash\n# \/usr\/sbin\/pre-freeze-script\n# \u78ba\u4fdd\u6b64\u6307\u4ee4\u78bc\u5177\u6709\u57f7\u884c\u6b0a\u9650 (chmod +x)\n\n# 1. \u901a\u77e5 PostgreSQL \u6e96\u5099\u5099\u4efd\nsu - postgres -c \"psql -c \"SELECT pg_backup_start('vm_snapshot', true);\"\"\n\n# 2. \u5c07\u6a94\u6848\u7cfb\u7d71\u7de9\u885d\u5340\u5237\u65b0\u5230\u78c1\u789f\nsync\n\n# 3. \u51cd\u7d50\u6a94\u6848\u7cfb\u7d71 (\u5047\u8a2d\u8cc7\u6599\u4f4d\u65bc \/var\/lib\/pgsql)\nfsfreeze -f \/var\/lib\/pgsql\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c0d\u61c9\u7684 <code>post-thaw-script<\/code> \u4ee5\u6062\u5fa9\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">#!\/bin\/bash\n# \/usr\/sbin\/post-thaw-script\n\n# 1. \u89e3\u51cd\u6a94\u6848\u7cfb\u7d71\nfsfreeze -u \/var\/lib\/pgsql\n\n# 2. \u901a\u77e5 PostgreSQL \u5099\u4efd\u5b8c\u6210\nsu - postgres -c \"psql -c \"SELECT pg_backup_stop();\"\"\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3>2. \u4f7f\u7528\u539f\u751f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5099\u4efd\u5de5\u5177<\/h3>\n<p>\u96d6\u7136\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u5feb\u7167\u512a\u65bc\u6a19\u6e96\u5feb\u7167\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5011\u4ecd\u7136\u5b58\u5728 VM \u505c\u9813\u7684\u98a8\u96aa\u3002\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5099\u4efd\u6700\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u7368\u7acb\u65bc\u865b\u64ec\u5316\u5e73\u53f0\u904b\u4f5c\u7684\u539f\u751f\u4e32\u6d41\u5099\u4efd\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>PostgreSQL (pg_basebackup)\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">pg_basebackup -h localhost -U replication_user -D \/mnt\/backups\/pg_backup -Ft -z -P\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>MySQL\/MariaDB (Percona XtraBackup \/ Mariabackup)\uff1a<\/strong><br \/>\n\u9019\u4e9b\u5de5\u5177\u900f\u904e\u8907\u88fd\u8cc7\u6599\u6a94\u6848\u4e26\u540c\u6642\u8ffd\u8e64\u91cd\u505a\u8a18\u9304\u4e2d\u7684\u8b8a\u66f4\uff0c\u4f86\u57f7\u884c\u71b1\u5099\u4efd\u4e14\u4e0d\u963b\u585e\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">mariabackup --backup --target-dir=\/mnt\/backups\/mysql_backup --user=root --password=SecurePass\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>SQL Server (T-SQL)\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-sql\">BACKUP DATABASE [ProductionDB] \nTO DISK = N'Z:BackupsProductionDB.bak' \nWITH NOFORMAT, NOINIT, NAME = N'ProductionDB-Full Backup', \nSKIP, NOREWIND, NOUNLOAD, COMPRESSION, STATS = 10;\nGO\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3>3. \u900f\u904e\u8a18\u9304\u5c01\u5b58\u5be6\u73fe\u6642\u9593\u9ede\u5fa9\u539f (PITR)<\/h3>\n<p>\u6bcf\u65e5\u5feb\u7167\u6216\u5b8c\u6574\u5099\u4efd\u53ea\u80fd\u4fdd\u8b77\u60a8\u5230\u5099\u4efd\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u523b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5728\u4e0b\u5348 4:00 \u5d29\u6f70\uff0c\u800c\u60a8\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u6b21\u5feb\u7167\u662f\u5728\u51cc\u6668 2:00\uff0c\u60a8\u5c07\u907a\u5931 14 \u5c0f\u6642\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u8cc7\u6599\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u70ba\u4e86\u5be6\u73fe\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u4f01\u696d\u7d1a\u97cc\u6027\uff0c\u60a8\u5fc5\u9808\u5c07\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u5099\u4efd\u8207\u6301\u7e8c\u7684\u8a18\u9304\u5c01\u5b58\uff08\u6bcf\u9694\u5e7e\u5206\u9418\u5099\u4efd WAL\u3001\u91cd\u505a\u8a18\u9304\u6216\u4ea4\u6613\u8a18\u9304\uff09\u7d50\u5408\u8d77\u4f86\u3002\u9019\u4f7f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7ba1\u7406\u54e1\u80fd\u5920\u5c07\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u9084\u539f\u5230\u707d\u96e3\u767c\u751f\u524d\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u5206\u9418\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u4ea4\u6613 ID\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u4f7f\u7528 CloudSave \u7684\u4f01\u696d\u5099\u4efd\u7b56\u7565<\/h2>\n<p>\u5c0d\u65bc DevOps \u5718\u968a\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u7ba1\u7406\u6578\u5341\u53f0\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u4e0a\u7684\u81ea\u8a02\u51cd\u7d50\u524d\u6307\u4ee4\u78bc\u3001\u539f\u751f\u50be\u5370 (dump) \u7684 cron \u5de5\u4f5c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8a18\u9304\u50b3\u8f38\u662f\u4e00\u5834\u71df\u904b\u60e1\u5922\u3002\u9019\u6b63\u662f\u50cf CloudSave \u9019\u6a23\u7684\u4f01\u696d\u7d1a\u5e73\u53f0\u8b8a\u5f97\u81f3\u95dc\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>CloudSave \u67b6\u8d77\u4e86\u865b\u64ec\u5316\u8207\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u67b6\u69cb\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u6a4b\u6a11\u3002CloudSave \u4e0d\u4f9d\u8cf4\u76f2\u76ee\u7684\u865b\u64ec\u5316\u5e73\u53f0\u5feb\u7167\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5229\u7528\u8207 SQL Server\u3001PostgreSQL\u3001MySQL \u548c Oracle \u539f\u751f\u6574\u5408\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u611f\u77e5\u4ee3\u7406\u7a0b\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7576 CloudSave \u555f\u52d5\u5099\u4efd\u6642\uff1a<br \/>\n1. \u5b83\u900f\u904e\u539f\u751f API\uff08\u5982 Windows \u7684 VSS \u6216 Linux \u7684\u539f\u751f WAL \u4e32\u6d41\uff09\u76f4\u63a5\u8207\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5f15\u64ce\u901a\u8a0a\u3002<br \/>\n2. \u5b83\u5354\u8abf\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u7de9\u885d\u5340\u5230\u78c1\u789f\u7684\u5237\u65b0\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u7834\u58de\u6027\u7684 VM \u505c\u9813\u3002<br \/>\n3. \u5b83\u5b89\u5168\u5730\u64f7\u53d6\u8cc7\u6599\u6a94\u6848\u4e26\u81ea\u52d5\u7ba1\u7406\u4ea4\u6613\u8a18\u9304\u622a\u65b7\u3002<br \/>\n4. \u5b83\u6301\u7e8c\u5099\u4efd\u4ea4\u6613\u8a18\u9304\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u9ede\u64ca\u5e7e\u4e0b\u5373\u53ef\u5be6\u73fe\u7d30\u7c92\u5ea6\u7684\u6642\u9593\u9ede\u5fa9\u539f (PITR)\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u900f\u904e\u5c07\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7684\u8907\u96dc\u6027\u5378\u8f09\u7d66 CloudSave\uff0c\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7ba1\u7406\u54e1\u548c\u7cfb\u7d71\u7ba1\u7406\u54e1\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e0d\u72a7\u7272\u751f\u7522\u53e2\u96c6\u6548\u80fd\u6216\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u78ba\u4fdd\u8cc7\u6599\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u7d50\u8ad6<\/h2>\n<p>\u865b\u64ec\u6a5f\u5668\u5feb\u7167\u662f\u57fa\u790e\u67b6\u69cb\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u7d55\u4f73\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5011\u5f9e\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u8207\u4ea4\u6613\u578b\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7684 ACID 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transactional databases like PostgreSQL and SQL Server. 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