{"id":4510,"date":"2026-06-14T19:31:10","date_gmt":"2026-06-14T19:31:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cloudsave.app\/?p=4510"},"modified":"2026-06-15T14:04:49","modified_gmt":"2026-06-15T14:04:49","slug":"postgresql-wal-%e6%ad%b8%e6%aa%94-%e5%b8%b8%e8%a6%8b%e9%99%b7%e9%98%b1%e8%88%87%e8%b3%87%e6%96%99%e9%81%ba%e5%a4%b1%e9%a2%a8%e9%9a%aa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cloudsave.app\/zh-hant\/knowledge-base\/postgresql-wal-%e6%ad%b8%e6%aa%94-%e5%b8%b8%e8%a6%8b%e9%99%b7%e9%98%b1%e8%88%87%e8%b3%87%e6%96%99%e9%81%ba%e5%a4%b1%e9%a2%a8%e9%9a%aa\/","title":{"rendered":"PostgreSQL WAL \u6b78\u6a94\uff1a\u5e38\u898b\u9677\u9631\u8207\u8cc7\u6599\u907a\u5931\u98a8\u96aa"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u5c0d\u65bc\u7ba1\u7406\u751f\u7522\u74b0\u5883 PostgreSQL \u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7ba1\u7406\u54e1 (DBA) \u548c DevOps \u5de5\u7a0b\u5e2b\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5be6\u73fe\u8fd1\u4e4e\u96f6\u7684\u5fa9\u539f\u9ede\u76ee\u6a19 (RPO) \u662f\u4e00\u9805\u9996\u8981\u4efb\u52d9\u3002PostgreSQL \u7684\u707d\u96e3\u5fa9\u539f\u8207\u6642\u9593\u9ede\u5fa9\u539f (PITR) \u80fd\u529b\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5728\u65bc\u9810\u5beb\u5f0f\u8a18\u9304 (Write-Ahead Logging, WAL)\u3002\u96d6\u7136 WAL \u900f\u904e\u5728\u5c07\u4ea4\u6613\u5beb\u5165\u8cc7\u6599\u6a94\u6848\u4e4b\u524d\u5148\u9032\u884c\u8a18\u9304\u4f86\u78ba\u4fdd ACID \u5408\u898f\u6027\uff0c\u4f46 WAL <em>\u6b78\u6a94 (archiving)<\/em> \u624d\u662f\u5c07\u9019\u4e9b\u8a18\u9304\u4fdd\u5b58\u4ee5\u4f9b\u9577\u671f\u5099\u4efd\u8207\u8907\u88fd\u7684\u6a5f\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u914d\u7f6e WAL \u6b78\u6a94\u4e26\u975e\u300c\u8a2d\u5b9a\u597d\u5c31\u4e0d\u7528\u7ba1\u300d\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u3001\u7121\u8072\u7684\u5931\u6557\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c0d\u67b6\u69cb\u7684\u8aa4\u89e3\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u5c0e\u81f4\u707d\u96e3\u6027\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u907a\u5931\u3001\u8166\u88c2 (split-brain) \u5834\u666f\u6216\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4e2d\u65b7\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u672c\u7d9c\u5408\u6307\u5357\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c07\u63a2\u8a0e PostgreSQL WAL \u6b78\u6a94\u7684\u67b6\u69cb\uff0c\u627e\u51fa\u5c0e\u81f4\u8cc7\u6599\u907a\u5931\u7684\u6700\u5e38\u898b\u9677\u9631\uff0c\u4e26\u6982\u8ff0\u751f\u7522\u7d1a\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u5be6\u8e10\uff0c\u4ee5\u78ba\u4fdd\u60a8\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4fdd\u6301\u5f48\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u4e86\u89e3 PostgreSQL WAL \u67b6\u69cb<\/h2>\n<p>\u5728\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8a0e\u9677\u9631\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3 PostgreSQL \u5982\u4f55\u8655\u7406\u4ea4\u6613\u8a18\u9304\u81f3\u95dc\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n<p>PostgreSQL \u5c07\u6240\u6709\u4fee\u6539\u5beb\u5165\u4f4d\u65bc <code>pg_wal<\/code> \u76ee\u9304\uff08\u7248\u672c 10 \u4e4b\u524d\u7a31\u70ba <code>pg_xlog<\/code>\uff09\u4e2d\u7684 WAL \u5340\u6bb5\uff08\u9810\u8a2d\u70ba 16MB \u6a94\u6848\uff09\u3002\u6bcf\u7b46\u4ea4\u6613\u90fd\u6703\u6309\u9806\u5e8f\u8a18\u9304\uff0c\u4e26\u7531\u8a18\u9304\u5e8f\u865f (LSN) \u6a19\u8a18\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7576 WAL \u5340\u6bb5\u586b\u6eff\u6642\uff0cPostgreSQL \u6703\u5207\u63db\u5230\u65b0\u7684\u5340\u6bb5\u3002\u70ba\u4e86\u9632\u6b62 <code>pg_wal<\/code> \u76ee\u9304\u7121\u9650\u589e\u9577\uff0cPostgreSQL \u6703\u5728\u4e0d\u518d\u9700\u8981\u7528\u65bc\u5d29\u6f70\u5fa9\u539f\u6216\u8907\u88fd\u6642\uff0c\u56de\u6536\u6216\u522a\u9664\u820a\u7684 WAL \u5340\u6bb5\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>WAL \u6b78\u6a94<\/strong>\u6703\u6514\u622a\u6b64\u56de\u6536\u904e\u7a0b\u3002\u7576\u555f\u7528 <code>archive_mode<\/code> \u6642\uff0cPostgreSQL \u6703\u57f7\u884c\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u5b9a\u7fa9\u7684 <code>archive_command<\/code>\uff08\u6216\u5728 PostgreSQL 15+ \u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528 <code>archive_library<\/code>\uff09\uff0c\u5c07\u5df2\u5b8c\u6210\u7684 WAL \u5340\u6bb5\u8907\u88fd\u5230\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u6b21\u8981\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u624d\u5c07\u5176\u522a\u9664\u6216\u8986\u5beb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8981\u57f7\u884c\u6642\u9593\u9ede\u5fa9\u539f (PITR)\uff0c\u60a8\u9700\u8981\u5169\u500b\u7d44\u4ef6\uff1a<br \/>\n1. \u6709\u6548\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u5099\u4efd\u3002<br \/>\n2. \u5f9e\u57fa\u790e\u5099\u4efd\u6642\u9593\u9ede\u5230\u76ee\u6a19\u5fa9\u539f\u6642\u9593\u9ede\u4e4b\u9593\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e2d\u65b7\u7684\u6b78\u6a94 WAL \u6a94\u6848\u93c8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u8a72 WAL \u93c8\u4e2d\u65b7\uff0c\u60a8\u7684 PITR \u5c31\u6703\u5931\u6557\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u70ba\u751f\u7522\u74b0\u5883\u914d\u7f6e WAL \u6b78\u6a94<\/h2>\n<p>\u8981\u555f\u7528 WAL \u6b78\u6a94\uff0c\u60a8\u5fc5\u9808\u4fee\u6539 <code>postgresql.conf<\/code> \u6a94\u6848\u3002\u57fa\u672c\u914d\u7f6e\u9700\u8981\u8a2d\u5b9a <code>wal_level<\/code>\u3001\u555f\u7528 <code>archive_mode<\/code> \u4e26\u5b9a\u7fa9 <code>archive_command<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-ini\"># postgresql.conf\nwal_level = replica             # \u6b78\u6a94\u9700\u8981 'replica' \u6216 'logical'\narchive_mode = on               # \u555f\u7528\u6b78\u6a94\u7a0b\u5e8f\narchive_command = 'test ! -f \/mnt\/nfs\/archive\/%f &amp;&amp; cp %p \/mnt\/nfs\/archive\/%f'\narchive_timeout = 600           # \u5f37\u5236\u6bcf 10 \u5206\u9418\u9032\u884c\u4e00\u6b21 WAL \u5207\u63db\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5728 <code>archive_command<\/code> \u4e2d\uff1a<br \/>\n* <code>%p<\/code> \u4ee3\u8868\u8981\u6b78\u6a94\u7684 WAL \u6a94\u6848\u5b8c\u6574\u8def\u5f91\u3002<br \/>\n* <code>%f<\/code> \u4ee3\u8868 WAL \u6a94\u6848\u7684\u6a94\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u96d6\u7136\u4e0a\u8ff0\u914d\u7f6e\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u5f88\u7c21\u55ae\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u4f01\u696d\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\u4f9d\u8cf4\u7c21\u55ae\u7684 shell \u6307\u4ee4\u6703\u5e36\u4f86\u91cd\u5927\u98a8\u96aa\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>WAL \u6b78\u6a94\u4e2d\u7684\u5e38\u898b\u9677\u9631<\/h2>\n<h3>\u9677\u9631 1\uff1a<code>archive_command<\/code> \u7684\u300c\u7121\u8072\u6210\u529f\u300d<\/h3>\n<p>PostgreSQL \u5b8c\u5168\u4f9d\u8cf4 <code>archive_command<\/code> \u7684\u9000\u51fa\u4ee3\u78bc\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u4ee4\u8fd4\u56de <code>0<\/code>\uff0cPostgreSQL \u5c31\u6703\u5047\u8a2d WAL \u6a94\u6848\u5df2\u5b89\u5168\u6b78\u6a94\uff0c\u4e26\u7e7c\u7e8c\u56de\u6536\u539f\u59cb\u6a94\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u500b\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u932f\u8aa4\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u5373\u4f7f\u8cc7\u6599\u672a\u5b89\u5168\u5237\u65b0\u5230\u6c38\u4e45\u5132\u5b58\u88dd\u7f6e\u4e5f\u6703\u8fd4\u56de <code>0<\/code> \u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7c21\u55ae\u7684 <code>cp<\/code> \u6307\u4ee4\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u8cc7\u6599\u5230\u9054\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u7684\u4f5c\u696d\u7cfb\u7d71\u9801\u9762\u5feb\u53d6 (page cache) \u6642\u5c31\u8fd4\u56de\u6210\u529f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u5728\u5feb\u53d6\u5237\u65b0\u5230\u78c1\u789f\u4e4b\u524d\u65b7\u96fb\uff0cWAL \u6a94\u6848\u5c31\u6703\u907a\u5931\uff0c\u4f46 PostgreSQL \u5df2\u7d93\u522a\u9664\u4e86\u5176\u672c\u6a5f\u526f\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u98a8\u96aa\uff1a<\/strong> WAL \u93c8\u4e2d\u65b7\u4e14\u7121\u6cd5\u57f7\u884c PITR\uff0c\u9019\u901a\u5e38\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u707d\u96e3\u5fa9\u539f\u5834\u666f\u4e2d\u624d\u6703\u88ab\u767c\u73fe\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u7de9\u89e3\u63aa\u65bd\uff1a<\/strong> \u78ba\u4fdd\u60a8\u7684\u6b78\u6a94\u6307\u4ee4\u78bc\u5f37\u5236\u57f7\u884c\u540c\u6b65\u5beb\u5165\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u6a19\u6e96 shell \u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u8acb\u5229\u7528\u80fd\u4fdd\u8b49\u8cc7\u6599\u5df2\u5237\u65b0\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u6216\u7de8\u5beb\u4e00\u500b\u5728\u50b3\u8f38\u5f8c\u9a57\u8b49\u6a94\u6848\u5927\u5c0f\u8207\u6821\u9a57\u548c\u7684\u5305\u88dd\u6307\u4ee4\u78bc\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u9677\u9631 2\uff1a<code>pg_wal<\/code> \u5206\u5272\u5340\u8017\u76e1 (WAL \u81a8\u8139)<\/h3>\n<p>\u5982\u679c <code>archive_command<\/code> \u5931\u6557\uff08\u8fd4\u56de\u975e\u96f6\u9000\u51fa\u4ee3\u78bc\uff09\u2014\u2014\u7531\u65bc\u7db2\u8def\u4e2d\u65b7\u3001\u6b0a\u9650\u932f\u8aa4\u6216\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u78c1\u789f\u5df2\u6eff\u2014\u2014PostgreSQL \u5c07\u4fdd\u7559 <code>pg_wal<\/code> \u76ee\u9304\u4e2d\u7684 WAL \u6a94\u6848\u4e26\u7121\u9650\u671f\u5730\u91cd\u8a66\u8a72\u6307\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u96d6\u7136\u9019\u900f\u904e\u4e0d\u522a\u9664\u672a\u6b78\u6a94\u7684 WAL \u4f86\u9632\u6b62\u8cc7\u6599\u907a\u5931\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u56b4\u91cd\u7684\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u98a8\u96aa\u3002\u5982\u679c <code>pg_wal<\/code> \u76ee\u9304\u6240\u5728\u7684\u5206\u5272\u5340\u586b\u6eff\u81f3 100%\uff0cPostgreSQL \u5c07\u767c\u51fa <code>PANIC<\/code> \u4e26\u5d29\u6f70\u3002\u9664\u975e\u91cb\u653e\u7a7a\u9593\uff0c\u5426\u5247\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5c07\u7121\u6cd5\u518d\u6b21\u555f\u52d5\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u98a8\u96aa\uff1a<\/strong> \u7531\u65bc <code>pg_wal<\/code> \u5206\u5272\u5340\u5df2\u6eff\u800c\u5c0e\u81f4\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5b8c\u5168\u505c\u6a5f\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u7de9\u89e3\u63aa\u65bd\uff1a<\/strong><br \/>\n1. \u59cb\u7d42\u5c07 <code>pg_wal<\/code> \u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u5c08\u7528\u7684\u78c1\u789f\u5206\u5272\u5340\u4e0a\u3002<br \/>\n2. \u5c0d <code>pg_wal<\/code> \u76ee\u9304\u5927\u5c0f\u5be6\u65bd\u56b4\u683c\u76e3\u63a7\u3002<br \/>\n3. \u76e3\u63a7 <code>pg_stat_archiver<\/code> \u6aa2\u8996\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u7acb\u5373\u5075\u6e2c\u5931\u6557\u7684\u6b78\u6a94\u6307\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u9677\u9631 3\uff1a\u4e0d\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u5099\u4efd<\/h3>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u6c92\u6709\u5099\u4efd\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7522\u751f\u7684 WAL \u6a94\u6848\uff0c\u57fa\u790e\u5099\u4efd\u5c31\u6beb\u7121\u7528\u8655\u3002\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u9032\u884c\u6a94\u6848\u7cfb\u7d71\u5c64\u7d1a\u7684\u5feb\u7167\uff0c\u6216\u5728\u4e0d\u4e32\u6d41 WAL \u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u4f7f\u7528 <code>pg_basebackup<\/code> (<code>-X stream<\/code>)\uff0c\u5247\u5fc5\u9808\u78ba\u4fdd\u5099\u4efd\u958b\u59cb\u8207\u7d50\u675f\u4e4b\u9593\u7522\u751f\u7684 WAL \u6a94\u6848\u5df2\u6210\u529f\u6b78\u6a94\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u7684\u6b78\u6a94\u7a0b\u5f0f\u6eef\u5f8c\u6216\u5931\u6557\uff0c\u4e14\u90a3\u4e9b\u7279\u5b9a\u7684 WAL \u6a94\u6848\u907a\u5931\uff0c\u5247\u57fa\u790e\u5099\u4efd\u5c07\u7121\u6cd5\u9054\u5230\u4e00\u81f4\u72c0\u614b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u98a8\u96aa\uff1a<\/strong> \u640d\u58de\u6216\u7121\u6cd5\u5fa9\u539f\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u5099\u4efd\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u7de9\u89e3\u63aa\u65bd\uff1a<\/strong> \u4f7f\u7528 <code>pg_basebackup -X stream<\/code> \u5c07\u5fc5\u8981\u7684 WAL \u6a94\u6848\u5305\u542b\u5728\u5099\u4efd\u8ca0\u8f09\u4e2d\uff0c\u6216\u5229\u7528\u81ea\u52d5\u7ba1\u7406\u57fa\u790e\u5099\u4efd\u8207 WAL \u5340\u6bb5\u4e4b\u9593\u4f9d\u8cf4\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u4f01\u696d\u7d1a\u5099\u4efd\u89e3\u6c7a\u65b9\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u9677\u9631 4\uff1a\u6642\u9593\u8ef8\u6df7\u4e82\u8207\u8166\u88c2\u5834\u666f<\/h3>\n<p>\u7576\u5099\u7528\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u88ab\u63d0\u5347\u70ba\u4e3b\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u6642\uff0cPostgreSQL \u6703\u589e\u52a0\u300c\u6642\u9593\u8ef8 ID\u300d(WAL \u6a94\u540d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 <code>0000000200000001000000A4<\/code>)\u3002\u9019\u53ef\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u65b0\u7684\u4e3b\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u8986\u5beb\u820a\u4e3b\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u7684 WAL \u6b77\u53f2\u8a18\u9304\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u820a\u7684\u4e3b\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u5728\u672a\u6b63\u78ba\u9694\u96e2\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u610f\u5916\u555f\u52d5\uff08\u8166\u88c2\u5834\u666f\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u5617\u8a66\u4f7f\u7528\u820a\u7684\u6642\u9593\u8ef8\u5c07 WAL \u6a94\u6848\u63a8\u9001\u5230\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6b78\u6a94\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u7684 <code>archive_command<\/code> \u76f2\u76ee\u5730\u8986\u5beb\u6a94\u6848\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u640d\u58de\u60a8\u7684\u6b78\u6a94\u5132\u5b58\u5eab\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u98a8\u96aa\uff1a<\/strong> WAL \u6a94\u6848\u88ab\u8986\u5beb\u3001\u6b78\u6a94\u640d\u58de\u4ee5\u53ca\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7121\u6cd5\u5fa9\u539f\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u7de9\u89e3\u63aa\u65bd\uff1a<\/strong> \u60a8\u7684 <code>archive_command<\/code> \u7d55\u5c0d<em>\u4e0d\u80fd<\/em>\u8986\u5beb\u73fe\u6709\u6a94\u6848\u3002\u8acb\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5728\u524d\u9762\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u914d\u7f6e\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86 <code>test ! -f \/mnt\/nfs\/archive\/%f<\/code>\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5728\u6a94\u6848\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\u6642\u660e\u78ba\u5931\u6557\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u7de9\u89e3\u8cc7\u6599\u907a\u5931\u98a8\u96aa\uff1a\u751f\u7522\u74b0\u5883\u6700\u4f73\u5be6\u8e10<\/h2>\n<p>\u70ba\u4e86\u5f37\u5316\u60a8\u7684 PostgreSQL \u6b78\u6a94\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u8acb\u5be6\u65bd\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6700\u4f73\u5be6\u8e10\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>1. \u539f\u751f\u76e3\u63a7\u6b78\u6a94\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/h3>\n<p>PostgreSQL \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u5167\u5efa\u6aa2\u8996 <code>pg_stat_archiver<\/code>\uff0c\u7528\u65bc\u8ffd\u8e64\u6b78\u6a94\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6210\u529f\u8207\u5931\u6557\u3002\u60a8\u61c9\u8a72\u5c07\u6b64\u6aa2\u8996\u6574\u5408\u5230\u60a8\u7684\u53ef\u89c0\u6e2c\u6027\u5806\u758a\u4e2d\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 Prometheus\u3001Datadog \u6216 Zabbix\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-sql\">SELECT \n    archived_count,\n    last_archived_wal,\n    last_archived_time,\n    failed_count,\n    last_failed_wal,\n    last_failed_time,\n    stats_reset\nFROM pg_stat_archiver;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u9700\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u8b66\u5831\u95be\u503c\uff1a<\/strong><br \/>\n* \u5982\u679c <code>failed_count<\/code> \u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u5247\u767c\u51fa\u8b66\u5831\u3002<br \/>\n* \u5982\u679c <code>now()<\/code> \u8207 <code>last_archived_time<\/code> \u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u6642\u9593\u5dee\u8d85\u904e\u60a8\u7684 RPO \u95be\u503c\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 15 \u5206\u9418\uff09\uff0c\u5247\u767c\u51fa\u8b66\u5831\uff0c\u8acb\u8a18\u4f4f\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u8a2d\u5b9a\u4e86 <code>archive_timeout<\/code>\uff0c\u5426\u5247\u4f4e\u6d41\u91cf\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u81ea\u7136\u7522\u751f\u5ef6\u9072\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>2. \u5229\u7528 <code>archive_timeout<\/code><\/h3>\n<p>\u5728\u5beb\u5165\u91cf\u8f03\u4f4e\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u500b 16MB \u7684 WAL \u6a94\u6848\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u6578\u5c0f\u6642\u624d\u80fd\u586b\u6eff\u3002\u5728\u586b\u6eff\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u6703\u88ab\u6b78\u6a94\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u5d29\u6f70\u4e14\u672c\u6a5f\u78c1\u789f\u907a\u5931\uff0c\u60a8\u5c07\u907a\u5931\u6578\u5c0f\u6642\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8a2d\u5b9a <code>archive_timeout = 600<\/code> (10 \u5206\u9418) \u6703\u5f37\u5236 PostgreSQL \u5207\u63db\u5230\u65b0\u7684 WAL \u6a94\u6848\u4e26\u6b78\u6a94\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u6a94\u6848\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5b83\u5c1a\u672a\u586b\u6eff\u3002\u9019\u4fdd\u8b49\u4e86\u60a8\u7684 RPO \u4e0d\u6703\u8d85\u904e 10 \u5206\u9418\uff0c\u4ee3\u50f9\u662f\u56e0\u90e8\u5206\u586b\u6eff\u7684 WAL \u6a94\u6848\u800c\u5c0e\u81f4\u5132\u5b58\u7a7a\u9593\u4f7f\u7528\u91cf\u7565\u5fae\u589e\u52a0\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>3. \u8f49\u63db\u81f3 <code>archive_library<\/code> (PostgreSQL 15+)<\/h3>\n<p>\u904e\u53bb\uff0c<code>archive_command<\/code> \u6703\u70ba\u6bcf\u500b WAL \u6a94\u6848\u7522\u751f\u4e00\u500b\u65b0\u7684 shell \u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u5728\u9ad8\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u5206\u9418\u7522\u751f\u6578\u767e\u500b WAL \u6a94\u6848\uff0c\u7522\u751f shell \u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u958b\u92b7\u6703\u6210\u70ba\u6548\u80fd\u74f6\u9838\u3002<\/p>\n<p>PostgreSQL 15 \u5f15\u5165\u4e86 <code>archive_library<\/code> \u53c3\u6578\uff0c\u5141\u8a31\u900f\u904e\u52d5\u614b\u8f09\u5165\u7684 C \u6a21\u7d44\u4f86\u8655\u7406 WAL \u6b78\u6a94\u3002\u9019\u6d88\u9664\u4e86 shell \u7522\u751f\u7684\u958b\u92b7\uff0c\u4e26\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u5f37\u5927\u3001\u9ad8\u6548\u80fd\u7684\u6b78\u6a94\u6a5f\u5236\u3002\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662f PostgreSQL 15 \u6216\u66f4\u9ad8\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u8acb\u5c0b\u627e\u652f\u63f4\u81ea\u8a02\u6b78\u6a94\u6a21\u7d44\u7684\u5099\u4efd\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>4. \u5b9a\u671f\u6e2c\u8a66\u6642\u9593\u9ede\u5fa9\u539f<\/h3>\n<p>\u672a\u7d93\u6e2c\u8a66\u7684\u5099\u4efd\u4e0d\u662f\u5099\u4efd\uff1b\u90a3\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u9858\u671b\u3002\u9a57\u8b49\u60a8\u7684 WAL \u6b78\u6a94\u529f\u80fd\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u5e38\u3001WAL \u93c8\u662f\u5426\u672a\u4e2d\u65b7\u4ee5\u53ca\u57fa\u790e\u5099\u4efd\u662f\u5426\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u57f7\u884c\u4f8b\u884c\u6027\u7684\u81ea\u52d5\u5316 PITR \u6e2c\u8a66\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u555f\u52d5\u4e00\u500b\u81e8\u6642\u57f7\u884c\u500b\u9ad4\uff0c\u9084\u539f\u57fa\u790e\u5099\u4efd\uff0c\u914d\u7f6e <code>restore_command<\/code> \u4ee5\u5f9e\u60a8\u7684\u6b78\u6a94\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u4e26\u5fa9\u539f\u5230\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u6642\u9593\u6233\u8a18\u3002\u9a57\u8b49\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u662f\u5426\u9054\u5230\u4e00\u81f4\u72c0\u614b\u4e26\u958b\u653e\u9023\u7dda\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u4f7f\u7528 CloudSave \u9032\u884c\u4f01\u696d\u7d1a\u5099\u4efd\u8207\u5fa9\u539f<\/h2>\n<p>\u7ba1\u7406 <code>archive_command<\/code> \u7684\u81ea\u8a02 shell \u6307\u4ee4\u78bc\u3001\u8655\u7406 WAL \u53bb\u91cd\u4ee5\u53ca\u78ba\u4fdd\u4ea4\u6613\u8a18\u9304\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u7570\u5730\u5132\u5b58\uff0c\u5f88\u5feb\u6703\u6210\u70ba IT \u5718\u968a\u7684\u71df\u904b\u8ca0\u64d4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9019\u6b63\u662f CloudSave \u70ba\u4f01\u696d\u7d1a PostgreSQL \u74b0\u5883\u63d0\u4f9b\u91cd\u5927\u50f9\u503c\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002CloudSave \u76f4\u63a5\u8207 PostgreSQL \u7684\u539f\u751f\u5099\u4efd\u8207 WAL \u6b78\u6a94 API \u6574\u5408\uff0c\u4ee5\u6d88\u9664\u4e0a\u8ff0\u624b\u52d5\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u9677\u9631\u3002<\/p>\n<p>CloudSave \u4e0d\u518d\u9700\u8981\u7de8\u5beb\u8106\u5f31\u7684 bash \u6307\u4ee4\u78bc\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u5f37\u5927\u7684\u3001\u57fa\u65bc\u4ee3\u7406\u7a0b\u5f0f\u6216\u7121\u4ee3\u7406\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7684\u6574\u5408\uff0c\u80fd\u5920\uff1a<br \/>\n* <strong>\u4fdd\u8b49\u4ea4\u4ed8\uff1a<\/strong> \u4ee5\u7d93\u904e\u9a57\u8b49\u3001\u6821\u9a57\u548c\u78ba\u8a8d\u7684\u50b3\u8f38\u65b9\u5f0f\u53d6\u4ee3\u6a19\u6e96 shell \u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u50b3\u8f38\u81f3\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u7570\u5730\u6216\u96f2\u7aef\u5132\u5b58\u7a7a\u9593\u3002<br \/>\n* <strong>\u9632\u6b62 WAL \u81a8\u8139\uff1a<\/strong> \u4e3b\u52d5\u76e3\u63a7 <code>pg_wal<\/code> \u76ee\u9304\uff0c\u4e26\u5728\u5206\u5272\u5340\u8017\u76e1\u524d\u5f88\u4e45\u5c31\u5411\u7ba1\u7406\u54e1\u767c\u51fa\u8b66\u5831\u3002<br \/>\n* <strong>\u81ea\u52d5\u5316 PITR\uff1a<\/strong> \u900f\u904e\u76f4\u89ba\u7684\u4ecb\u9762\u7c21\u5316\u6642\u9593\u9ede\u5fa9\u539f\u3002\u60a8\u53ea\u9700\u9078\u64c7\u60f3\u8981\u5fa9\u539f\u5230\u7684\u7cbe\u78ba\u5206\u9418\uff0cCloudSave \u5c31\u6703\u81ea\u52d5\u64f7\u53d6\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u5099\u4efd\uff0c\u4e26\u4e32\u6d41\u9054\u5230\u8a72\u72c0\u614b\u6240\u9700\u7684\u7cbe\u78ba WAL \u6a94\u6848\u5e8f\u5217\u3002<br \/>\n* <strong>\u8655\u7406\u6642\u9593\u8ef8\uff1a<\/strong> \u667a\u6167\u7ba1\u7406 PostgreSQL \u6642\u9593\u8ef8\u6b77\u53f2\u8a18\u9304\uff0c\u78ba\u4fdd\u6545\u969c\u8f49\u79fb\u548c\u8166\u88c2\u5834\u666f\u4e0d\u6703\u640d\u58de\u60a8\u7684\u5099\u4efd\u5132\u5b58\u5eab\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u900f\u904e\u5c07 WAL \u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u7e41\u91cd\u5de5\u4f5c\u5378\u8f09\u7d66 CloudSave\uff0cDBA \u53ef\u4ee5\u5c08\u6ce8\u65bc\u67e5\u8a62\u6700\u4f73\u5316\u8207\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u6548\u80fd\uff0c\u4e26\u78ba\u4fe1\u5176 RPO \u8207 RTO SLA \u53d7\u5230\u4f01\u696d\u7d1a\u5e73\u53f0\u7684\u4fdd\u8b77\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u7d50\u8ad6<\/h2>\n<p>PostgreSQL WAL \u6b78\u6a94\u662f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u707d\u96e3\u5fa9\u539f\u7684\u9aa8\u5e79\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u5c07\u6a94\u6848\u5f9e\u4e00\u500b\u76ee\u9304\u8907\u88fd\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u76ee\u9304\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u5f88\u7c21\u55ae\uff0c\u4f46\u908a\u7de3\u60c5\u6cc1\uff08\u7121\u8072\u5931\u6557\u3001\u78c1\u789f\u8017\u76e1\u548c\u6642\u9593\u8ef8\u5206\u6b67\uff09\u5c0d\u8cc7\u6599\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u69cb\u6210\u4e86\u56b4\u91cd\u98a8\u96aa\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u900f\u904e\u4e86\u89e3 <code>pg_wal<\/code> \u7684\u67b6\u69cb\u3001\u56b4\u683c\u907f\u514d\u7834\u58de\u6027\u7684 <code>archive_command<\/code> \u914d\u7f6e\u3001\u76e3\u63a7 <code>pg_stat_archiver<\/code> \u4ee5\u53ca\u5229\u7528\u50cf CloudSave \u9019\u6a23\u7684\u4f01\u696d\u7d1a\u5099\u4efd\u5e73\u53f0\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u500b\u5177\u5099\u5f48\u6027\u7684 PostgreSQL \u57fa\u790e\u67b6\u69cb\uff0c\u80fd\u5920\u5728\u786c\u9ad4\u6545\u969c\u3001\u4eba\u70ba\u932f\u8aa4\u548c\u707d\u96e3\u6027\u4e2d\u65b7\u4e2d\u5b58\u6d3b\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u6703\u907a\u5931\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u7b46\u5df2\u63d0\u4ea4\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u3002<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u63a2\u7d22\u5c0e\u81f4\u8cc7\u6599\u907a\u5931\u7684\u5e38\u898b PostgreSQL WAL \u6b78\u6a94\u9677\u9631\u3002\u5b78\u7fd2\u5c08\u5bb6 DBA \u7684\u6700\u4f73\u5be6\u8e10\u3001\u914d\u7f6e\u6280\u5de7\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u70ba\u4f01\u696d\u7d1a\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u78ba\u4fdd\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u6642\u9593\u9ede\u5fa9\u539f (PITR)\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>**<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rank_math_title":"PostgreSQL WAL Archiving: Pitfalls & Data Loss Risks","rank_math_description":"**","rank_math_focus_keyword":"postgresql wal archiving","footnotes":""},"categories":[367],"tags":[368,878,371,372,373,374,3216],"class_list":["post-4510","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-database-backup","tag-data-loss-prevention","tag-database-administration","tag-pitr","tag-point-in-time-recovery","tag-postgresql","tag-rpo","tag-wal-archiving"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v27.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>PostgreSQL WAL Archiving: Pitfalls &amp; Data Loss Risks<\/title>\n<meta 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