{"id":4532,"date":"2026-06-14T19:31:10","date_gmt":"2026-06-14T19:31:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cloudsave.app\/?p=4532"},"modified":"2026-06-15T14:31:42","modified_gmt":"2026-06-15T14:31:42","slug":"postgresql-wal-archyvavimas-da%c5%benos-klaidos-ir-duomen%c5%b3-praradimo-rizika","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cloudsave.app\/lt\/knowledge-base\/postgresql-wal-archyvavimas-da%c5%benos-klaidos-ir-duomen%c5%b3-praradimo-rizika\/","title":{"rendered":"\u201ePostgreSQL\u201c WAL archyvavimas: da\u017enos klaidos ir duomen\u0173 praradimo rizika"},"content":{"rendered":"

Duomen\u0173 bazi\u0173 administratoriams (DBA) ir \u201eDevOps\u201c in\u017einieriams, valdantiems \u201ePostgreSQL\u201c gamybin\u0117je aplinkoje, artimo nuliniam atk\u016brimo ta\u0161ko tikslo (RPO) pasiekimas yra pagrindinis reikalavimas. \u201ePostgreSQL\u201c avarinio atk\u016brimo ir atk\u016brimo tam tikru laiko momentu (PITR) galimybi\u0173 pagrindas yra \u201eWrite-Ahead Logging\u201c (WAL) \u017eurnalai. Nors WAL u\u017etikrina ACID atitikt\u012f, registruodamas operacijas prie\u0161 joms patenkant \u012f duomen\u0173 failus, WAL archyvavimas<\/em> yra mechanizmas, kuris i\u0161saugo \u0161iuos \u017eurnalus ilgalaikiam atsarginiam kopijavimui ir replikacijai.<\/p>\n

Ta\u010diau WAL archyvavimo konfig\u016bravimas n\u0117ra vienkartinis veiksmas. Netinkamos konfig\u016bracijos, tyl\u016bs gedimai ir architekt\u016briniai nesusipratimai gali sukelti katastrofi\u0161k\u0105 duomen\u0173 praradim\u0105, \u201esplit-brain\u201c scenarijus ar visi\u0161k\u0105 duomen\u0173 baz\u0117s neveikim\u0105.<\/p>\n

\u0160iame i\u0161samiame vadove i\u0161nagrin\u0117sime \u201ePostgreSQL\u201c WAL archyvavimo architekt\u016br\u0105, nustatysime da\u017eniausiai pasitaikan\u010dias klaidas, vedan\u010dias \u012f duomen\u0173 praradim\u0105, ir apibr\u0117\u017esime gamybinio lygio geriausias praktikas, u\u017etikrinan\u010dias j\u016bs\u0173 duomen\u0173 baz\u0117s atsparum\u0105.<\/p>\n

\u201ePostgreSQL\u201c WAL architekt\u016bros supratimas<\/h2>\n

Prie\u0161 gilinantis \u012f klaidas, svarbu suprasti, kaip \u201ePostgreSQL\u201c tvarko operacij\u0173 \u017eurnalus.<\/p>\n

\u201ePostgreSQL\u201c visus pakeitimus \u012fra\u0161o \u012f WAL segmentus (numatytasis dydis \u2013 16 MB), esan\u010dius pg_wal<\/code> kataloge (anks\u010diau pg_xlog<\/code>, versijose iki 10). Kiekviena operacija \u012fra\u0161oma nuosekliai ir pa\u017eymima \u017eurnalo sekos numeriu (LSN).<\/p>\n

Kai WAL segmentas u\u017esipildo, \u201ePostgreSQL\u201c perjungia j\u012f \u012f nauj\u0105. Kad pg_wal<\/code> katalogas neaugt\u0173 be galo, \u201ePostgreSQL\u201c perdirba arba pa\u0161alina senus WAL segmentus, kai j\u0173 nebereikia avarinio atk\u016brimo ar replikacijos tikslais.<\/p>\n

WAL archyvavimas<\/strong> perima \u0161\u012f perdirbimo proces\u0105. Kai \u012fjungtas archive_mode<\/code>, \u201ePostgreSQL\u201c vykdo vartotojo apibr\u0117\u017et\u0105 archive_command<\/code> (arba naudoja archive_library<\/code> \u201ePostgreSQL 15+\u201c versijose), kad nukopijuot\u0173 u\u017ebaigt\u0105 WAL segment\u0105 \u012f saugi\u0105, antrin\u0119 viet\u0105 prie\u0161 j\u012f i\u0161trinant ar perra\u0161ant.<\/p>\n

Norint atlikti atk\u016brim\u0105 tam tikru laiko momentu (PITR), reikia dviej\u0173 komponent\u0173:
\n1. Galiojan\u010dios bazin\u0117s atsargin\u0117s kopijos.
\n2. Nenutr\u016bkstamos archyvuot\u0173 WAL fail\u0173 grandin\u0117s nuo bazin\u0117s atsargin\u0117s kopijos suk\u016brimo momento iki tikslinio atk\u016brimo laiko.<\/p>\n

Jei \u0161i WAL grandin\u0117 nutr\u016bksta, j\u016bs\u0173 PITR nepavyks.<\/p>\n

WAL archyvavimo konfig\u016bravimas gamybinei aplinkai<\/h2>\n

Nor\u0117dami \u012fjungti WAL archyvavim\u0105, turite modifikuoti postgresql.conf<\/code> fail\u0105. Pagrindinei konfig\u016bracijai reikia nustatyti wal_level<\/code>, \u012fjungti archive_mode<\/code> ir apibr\u0117\u017eti archive_command<\/code>.<\/p>\n

# postgresql.conf\nwal_level = replica             # archyvavimui reikalingas 'replica' arba 'logical'\narchive_mode = on               # \u012fjungia archyvavimo proces\u0105\narchive_command = 'test ! -f \/mnt\/nfs\/archive\/%f && cp %p \/mnt\/nfs\/archive\/%f'\narchive_timeout = 600           # priverstinis WAL perjungimas kas 10 minu\u010di\u0173\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
archive_command<\/code> komandoje:
\n* %p<\/code> nurodo vis\u0105 keli\u0105 iki archyvuojamo WAL failo.
\n* %f<\/code> nurodo WAL failo pavadinim\u0105.<\/p>\n
Nors auk\u0161\u010diau pateikta konfig\u016bracija atrodo paprasta, pasikliovimas paprastomis apvalkalo (shell) komandomis \u012fmoni\u0173 aplinkoje kelia didel\u0119 rizik\u0105.<\/p>\n
Da\u017eniausios WAL archyvavimo klaidos<\/h2>\n
1 klaida: \u201eTylus s\u0117kmingas vykdymas\u201c naudojant archive_command<\/code><\/h3>\n
\u201ePostgreSQL\u201c visi\u0161kai pasikliauja archive_command<\/code> i\u0161\u0117jimo kodu. Jei komanda gr\u0105\u017eina 0<\/code>, \u201ePostgreSQL\u201c daro prielaid\u0105, kad WAL failas saugiai archyvuotas, ir t\u0119sia originalaus failo perdirbim\u0105.<\/p>\n
Da\u017ena klaida yra naudoti komand\u0105, kuri gr\u0105\u017eina 0<\/code> net tada, kai duomenys n\u0117ra saugiai \u012fra\u0161yti \u012f nuolatin\u0119 saugykl\u0105. Pavyzd\u017eiui, paprasta cp<\/code> komanda gali gr\u0105\u017einti s\u0117km\u0119, kai tik duomenys patenka \u012f OS puslapi\u0173 talpykl\u0105 (page cache) paskirties serveryje. Jei paskirties serveris praranda maitinim\u0105 prie\u0161 talpyklai \u012fra\u0161ant duomenis \u012f disk\u0105, WAL failas prarandamas, o \u201ePostgreSQL\u201c jau i\u0161tryn\u0117 savo vietin\u0119 kopij\u0105.<\/p>\n
Rizika:<\/strong> Nutr\u016bkusi WAL grandin\u0117 ir negal\u0117jimas atlikti PITR, kas paai\u0161k\u0117ja tik avarinio atk\u016brimo metu.<\/p>\n
Sprendimas:<\/strong> U\u017etikrinkite, kad j\u016bs\u0173 archyvavimo scenarijus reikalaut\u0173 sinchroninio \u012fra\u0161ymo. Jei naudojate standartines apvalkalo komandas, pasitelkite \u012frankius, garantuojan\u010dius duomen\u0173 \u012fra\u0161ym\u0105, arba para\u0161ykite papildom\u0105 scenarij\u0173, kuris po perk\u0117limo patikrina failo dyd\u012f ir kontrolin\u0119 sum\u0105.<\/p>\n
2 klaida: pg_wal<\/code> skaidinio i\u0161sekimas (WAL i\u0161sip\u016btimas)<\/h3>\n
Jei archive_command<\/code> nepavyksta (gr\u0105\u017einamas ne nulinis kodas) d\u0117l tinklo sutrikim\u0173, neteising\u0173 teisi\u0173 ar pilno paskirties disko, \u201ePostgreSQL\u201c i\u0161laikys WAL fail\u0105 pg_wal<\/code> kataloge ir bandys pakartoti komand\u0105 neribot\u0105 laik\u0105.<\/p>\n
Nors tai apsaugo nuo duomen\u0173 praradimo ne\u0161alinant nearchyvuot\u0173 WAL fail\u0173, tai sukelia rimt\u0105 prieinamumo rizik\u0105. Jei pg_wal<\/code> katalogas yra skaidinyje, kuris u\u017esipildo iki 100 %, \u201ePostgreSQL\u201c i\u0161leis PANIC<\/code> prane\u0161im\u0105 ir \u201enul\u016b\u0161\u201c. Duomen\u0173 baz\u0117 nepasileis, kol nebus atlaisvinta vietos.<\/p>\n
Rizika:<\/strong> Visi\u0161kas duomen\u0173 baz\u0117s neveikimas d\u0117l pilno pg_wal<\/code> skaidinio.<\/p>\n
Sprendimas:<\/strong>
\n1. Visada talpinkite pg_wal<\/code> atskirame disko skaidinyje.
\n2. \u012ediekite aktyv\u0173 pg_wal<\/code> katalogo dyd\u017eio steb\u0117jim\u0105.
\n3. Steb\u0117kite pg_stat_archiver<\/code> rodin\u012f, kad nedelsiant aptiktum\u0117te nepavykusias archyvavimo komandas.<\/p>\n
3 klaida: Nepilnos bazin\u0117s atsargin\u0117s kopijos<\/h3>\n
Bazin\u0117 atsargin\u0117 kopija yra bevert\u0117 be WAL fail\u0173, sugeneruot\u0173 atsargin\u0117s kopijos k\u016brimo metu<\/em>. Jei darote fail\u0173 sistemos lygio momentin\u0119 kopij\u0105 (snapshot) arba naudojate pg_basebackup<\/code> be WAL srautinio perdavimo (-X stream<\/code>), turite u\u017etikrinti, kad WAL failai, sugeneruoti tarp atsargin\u0117s kopijos prad\u017eios ir pabaigos, b\u016bt\u0173 s\u0117kmingai archyvuoti.<\/p>\n
Jei j\u016bs\u0173 archyvavimo procesas v\u0117luoja arba nepavyksta, o tie konkret\u016bs WAL failai prarandami, bazin\u0117 atsargin\u0117 kopija negali b\u016bti atkurta \u012f nuosekli\u0105 b\u016bsen\u0105.<\/p>\n
Rizika:<\/strong> Sugadintos arba neatkuriamos bazin\u0117s atsargin\u0117s kopijos.<\/p>\n
Sprendimas:<\/strong> Naudokite pg_basebackup -X stream<\/code>, kad \u012ftrauktum\u0117te reikiamus WAL failus \u012f pa\u010di\u0105 atsargin\u0119 kopij\u0105, arba naudokite \u012fmoni\u0173 lygio atsargini\u0173 kopij\u0173 sprendimus, kurie automati\u0161kai valdo priklausomyb\u0119 tarp bazini\u0173 kopij\u0173 ir WAL segment\u0173.<\/p>\n
4 klaida: Laiko juost\u0173 (Timeline) painiava ir \u201esplit-brain\u201c scenarijai<\/h3>\n
Kai budintis (standby) serveris paauk\u0161tinamas iki pagrindinio, \u201ePostgreSQL\u201c padidina \u201eTimeline ID\u201c (pirmoji WAL failo pavadinimo dalis, pvz., 0000000200000001000000A4<\/code>). Tai neleid\u017eia naujam pagrindiniam serveriui perra\u0161yti senojo pagrindinio serverio WAL istorijos.<\/p>\n
Ta\u010diau, jei senasis pagrindinis serveris nety\u010dia paleid\u017eiamas be tinkamo atskyrimo (fencing) (\u201esplit-brain\u201c scenarijus), jis gali bandyti si\u0173sti WAL failus \u012f t\u0105 pa\u010di\u0105 archyvavimo viet\u0105 naudodamas sen\u0105 laiko juost\u0105. Jei j\u016bs\u0173 archive_command<\/code> aklai perra\u0161o failus, galite sugadinti savo archyv\u0173 saugykl\u0105.<\/p>\n
Rizika:<\/strong> Perra\u0161yti WAL failai, sugadinti archyvai ir neatkuriamos duomen\u0173 baz\u0117s.<\/p>\n
Sprendimas:<\/strong> J\u016bs\u0173 archive_command<\/code> niekada<\/em> neturi perra\u0161yti egzistuojan\u010dio failo. Atkreipkite d\u0117mes\u012f \u012f ankstesn\u0119 pagrindin\u0119 konfig\u016bracij\u0105, kurioje naudojome test ! -f \/mnt\/nfs\/archive\/%f<\/code>, kad komanda ai\u0161kiai nepavykt\u0173, jei failas jau egzistuoja.<\/p>\n
Duomen\u0173 praradimo rizikos ma\u017einimas: gamybin\u0117s geriausios praktikos<\/h2>\n
Nor\u0117dami sustiprinti savo \u201ePostgreSQL\u201c archyvavimo strategij\u0105, \u012fgyvendinkite \u0161ias geriausias praktikas.<\/p>\n
1. Steb\u0117kite archyvavimo proces\u0105 natyviai<\/h3>\n
\u201ePostgreSQL\u201c pateikia \u012fmontuot\u0105 rodin\u012f pg_stat_archiver<\/code>, kuris seka j\u016bs\u0173 archyvavimo proceso s\u0117km\u0119 ir nes\u0117kmes. Tur\u0117tum\u0117te integruoti \u0161\u012f rodin\u012f \u012f savo steb\u0117jimo sistem\u0105 (pvz., \u201ePrometheus\u201c, \u201eDatadog\u201c ar \u201eZabbix\u201c).<\/p>\n
SELECT \n    archived_count,\n    last_archived_wal,\n    last_archived_time,\n    failed_count,\n    last_failed_wal,\n    last_failed_time,\n    stats_reset\nFROM pg_stat_archiver;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
Konfig\u016bruotinos \u012fsp\u0117jim\u0173 ribos:<\/strong>
\n* \u012esp\u0117ti, jei did\u0117ja failed_count<\/code>.
\n* \u012esp\u0117ti, jei laiko skirtumas tarp now()<\/code> ir last_archived_time<\/code> vir\u0161ija j\u016bs\u0173 RPO rib\u0105 (pvz., 15 minu\u010di\u0173), atsi\u017evelgiant \u012f tai, kad ma\u017eo srauto duomen\u0173 baz\u0117se gali nat\u016braliai kilti v\u0117lavim\u0173, nebent nustatytas archive_timeout<\/code>.<\/p>\n
2. Pasinaudokite archive_timeout<\/code><\/h3>\n
Duomen\u0173 baz\u0117se su ma\u017eu \u012fra\u0161ymo kiekiu 16 MB WAL failas gali pildytis valand\u0173 valandas. Kol jis neu\u017esipildo, jis nearchyvuojamas. Jei serveris \u201enul\u016b\u017eta\u201c ir vietinis diskas prarandamas, prarandate valand\u0173 operacijas.<\/p>\n
Nusta\u010dius archive_timeout = 600<\/code> (10 minu\u010di\u0173), \u201ePostgreSQL\u201c priver\u010diamas perjungti \u012f nauj\u0105 WAL fail\u0105 ir archyvuoti dabartin\u012f, net jei jis n\u0117ra pilnas. Tai garantuoja, kad j\u016bs\u0173 RPO nevir\u0161ys 10 minu\u010di\u0173, \u0161iek tiek padidinant saugyklos naudojim\u0105 d\u0117l i\u0161 dalies u\u017epildyt\u0173 WAL fail\u0173.<\/p>\n
3. Per\u0117jimas prie archive_library<\/code> (\u201ePostgreSQL 15+\u201c)<\/h3>\n
Istori\u0161kai archive_command<\/code> kiekvienam WAL failui sukurdavo nauj\u0105 apvalkalo proces\u0105. Didelio na\u0161umo aplinkose, generuojan\u010diose \u0161imtus WAL fail\u0173 per minut\u0119, apvalkalo proces\u0173 k\u016brimo s\u0105naudos tampa na\u0161umo kli\u016btimi.<\/p>\n
\u201ePostgreSQL 15\u201c pristat\u0117 archive_library<\/code> parametr\u0105, leid\u017eiant\u012f WAL archyvavim\u0105 tvarkyti dinami\u0161kai \u012fkeliamiems C moduliams. Tai pa\u0161alina apvalkalo proces\u0173 k\u016brimo s\u0105naudas ir suteikia daug patikimesn\u012f, didelio na\u0161umo archyvavimo mechanizm\u0105. Jei naudojate \u201ePostgreSQL 15\u201c ar naujesn\u0119 versij\u0105, ie\u0161kokite atsargini\u0173 kopij\u0173 \u012franki\u0173, palaikan\u010di\u0173 pasirinktinius archyvavimo modulius.<\/p>\n
4. Reguliariai testuokite atk\u016brim\u0105 tam tikru laiko momentu (PITR)<\/h3>\n
Nei\u0161bandyta atsargin\u0117 kopija n\u0117ra atsargin\u0117 kopija; tai tik viltis. Vienintelis b\u016bdas patikrinti, ar j\u016bs\u0173 WAL archyvavimas veikia teisingai, ar WAL grandin\u0117 nenutr\u016bkusi ir ar bazin\u0117s atsargin\u0117s kopijos yra nuoseklios, yra atlikti reguliarius, automatizuotus PITR testus.<\/p>\n
Paleiskite laikin\u0105 egzempliori\u0173, atkurkite bazin\u0119 atsargin\u0119 kopij\u0105, sukonfig\u016bruokite restore_command<\/code>, kad duomenys b\u016bt\u0173 traukiami i\u0161 j\u016bs\u0173 archyvo, ir atkurkite iki konkretaus laiko momento. Patikrinkite, ar duomen\u0173 baz\u0117 pasiekia nuosekli\u0105 b\u016bsen\u0105 ir priima prisijungimus.<\/p>\n
\u012emoni\u0173 lygio atsargin\u0117s kopijos ir atk\u016brimas su \u201eCloudSave\u201c<\/h2>\n
Pasirinktini\u0173 apvalkalo scenarij\u0173 valdymas archive_command<\/code> komandai, WAL dublikat\u0173 \u0161alinimas ir saugios, nutolusios saugyklos u\u017etikrinimas operacij\u0173 \u017eurnalams gali greitai tapti IT komand\u0173 na\u0161ta.<\/p>\n
\u010cia \u201eCloudSave\u201c suteikia didel\u0119 vert\u0119 \u012fmoni\u0173 \u201ePostgreSQL\u201c aplinkoms. \u201eCloudSave\u201c tiesiogiai integruojasi su \u201ePostgreSQL\u201c natyviomis atsargini\u0173 kopij\u0173 ir WAL archyvavimo API, kad pa\u0161alint\u0173 auk\u0161\u010diau aptartas rankines klaidas.<\/p>\n
Vietoj trapi\u0173 \u201ebash\u201c scenarij\u0173 ra\u0161ymo, \u201eCloudSave\u201c suteikia patikim\u0105, agentu pagr\u012fst\u0105 arba agento nereikalaujan\u010di\u0105 integracij\u0105, kuri:
\n* Garantuoja pristatym\u0105:<\/strong> Pakei\u010dia standartines apvalkalo komandas patikrintais, kontrolini\u0173 sum\u0173 validuojamais perk\u0117limais \u012f saugi\u0105 nutolusi\u0105 arba debes\u0173 saugykl\u0105.
\n* Apsaugo nuo WAL i\u0161sip\u016btimo:<\/strong> Aktyviai stebi pg_wal<\/code> katalog\u0105 ir \u012fsp\u0117ja administratorius gerokai prie\u0161 skaidinio i\u0161sekim\u0105.
\n* Automatizuoja PITR:<\/strong> Supaprastina atk\u016brim\u0105 tam tikru laiko momentu per intuityvi\u0105 s\u0105saj\u0105. J\u016bs pasirenkate tiksli\u0105 minut\u0119, iki kurios norite atkurti, o \u201eCloudSave\u201c automati\u0161kai surenka reikiam\u0105 bazin\u0119 atsargin\u0119 kopij\u0105 ir srautu perduoda tiksli\u0105 WAL fail\u0173 sek\u0105, reikaling\u0105 tai b\u016bsenai pasiekti.
\n* Tvarko laiko juostas:<\/strong> I\u0161maniai valdo \u201ePostgreSQL\u201c laiko juost\u0173 istorijas, u\u017etikrindama, kad perjungimai ir \u201esplit-brain\u201c scenarijai nesugadint\u0173 j\u016bs\u0173 atsargini\u0173 kopij\u0173 saugyklos.<\/p>\n
Perleisdami sunk\u0173 WAL valdymo darb\u0105 \u201eCloudSave\u201c, DBA gali susikoncentruoti \u012f u\u017eklaus\u0173 optimizavim\u0105 ir duomen\u0173 baz\u0117s na\u0161um\u0105, \u017einodami, kad j\u0173 RPO ir RTO SLA yra apsaugoti \u012fmoni\u0173 lygio platformos.<\/p>\n
I\u0161vada<\/h2>\n
\u201ePostgreSQL\u201c WAL archyvavimas yra duomen\u0173 baz\u0117s avarinio atk\u016brimo stuburas. Nors failo kopijavimo i\u0161 vieno katalogo \u012f kit\u0105 koncepcija atrodo paprasta, kra\u0161tutiniai atvejai \u2013 tyl\u016bs gedimai, disko i\u0161sekimas ir laiko juost\u0173 nukrypimai \u2013 kelia didel\u0119 rizik\u0105 duomen\u0173 vientisumui.<\/p>\n
Suprasdami pg_wal<\/code> architekt\u016br\u0105, grie\u017etai vengdami destruktyvi\u0173 archive_command<\/code> konfig\u016bracij\u0173, steb\u0117dami pg_stat_archiver<\/code> ir pasitelkdami \u012fmoni\u0173 lygio atsargini\u0173 kopij\u0173 platformas, tokias kaip \u201eCloudSave\u201c, galite sukurti atspari\u0105 \u201ePostgreSQL\u201c infrastrukt\u016br\u0105, geban\u010di\u0105 i\u0161gyventi technin\u0117s \u012frangos gedimus, \u017emogi\u0161k\u0105sias klaidas ir katastrofi\u0161kus sutrikimus neprarandant n\u0117 vienos \u012fvykdytos operacijos.<\/p>\n
\n
Atraskite da\u017eniausiai pasitaikan\u010dias \u201ePostgreSQL\u201c WAL archyvavimo klaidas, vedan\u010dias \u012f duomen\u0173 praradim\u0105. Su\u017einokite ekspert\u0173 DBA geriausias praktikas, konfig\u016bravimo patarimus ir kaip u\u017etikrinti patikim\u0105 atk\u016brim\u0105 tam tikru laiko momentu (PITR) \u012fmoni\u0173 duomen\u0173 baz\u0117ms.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
**<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rank_math_title":"PostgreSQL WAL Archiving: Pitfalls & Data Loss Risks","rank_math_description":"**","rank_math_focus_keyword":"postgresql wal archiving","footnotes":""},"categories":[543],"tags":[544,1032,547,548,549,550,3238],"class_list":["post-4532","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-database-backup","tag-data-loss-prevention","tag-database-administration","tag-pitr","tag-point-in-time-recovery","tag-postgresql","tag-rpo","tag-wal-archiving"],"yoast_head":"\nPostgreSQL WAL Archiving: Pitfalls & Data Loss Risks<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"**\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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