{"id":5483,"date":"2026-06-15T14:01:13","date_gmt":"2026-06-15T14:01:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cloudsave.app\/?p=5483"},"modified":"2026-06-15T15:55:35","modified_gmt":"2026-06-15T15:55:35","slug":"%ce%b3%ce%b9%ce%b1%cf%84%ce%af-%cf%84%ce%b1-vm-snapshots-%ce%b4%ce%b5%ce%bd-%ce%b5%ce%af%ce%bd%ce%b1%ce%b9-%ce%b1%cf%83%cf%86%ce%b1%ce%bb%ce%ae-%ce%b3%ce%b9%ce%b1-%ce%b2%ce%ac%cf%83%ce%b5%ce%b9%cf%82","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cloudsave.app\/el\/knowledge-base\/%ce%b3%ce%b9%ce%b1%cf%84%ce%af-%cf%84%ce%b1-vm-snapshots-%ce%b4%ce%b5%ce%bd-%ce%b5%ce%af%ce%bd%ce%b1%ce%b9-%ce%b1%cf%83%cf%86%ce%b1%ce%bb%ce%ae-%ce%b3%ce%b9%ce%b1-%ce%b2%ce%ac%cf%83%ce%b5%ce%b9%cf%82\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0393\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03af \u03c4\u03b1 VM Snapshots \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd: \u0388\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 DBA \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 DevOps \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd, \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b1 (snapshots) \u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd (VM) \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b5\u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ce\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03bf. \u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03b3\u03c1\u03ae\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03c9\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03ce\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1, \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ae \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2. \u0391\u03bd \u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c0\u03ac\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03b2\u03ac, \u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03af \u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03b1.<\/p>\n<p>\u03a9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf, \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03cc\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd (transactional databases) \u2014\u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 PostgreSQL, MySQL, Oracle \u03ae Microsoft SQL Server\u2014 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b1 VM \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b4\u03af\u03c7\u03c4\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c9\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03b2\u03cc\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1.<\/p>\n<p>\u0397 \u03b5\u03be\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 hypervisor \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd, \u00ab\u03c3\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u00bb \u03c3\u03b5\u03bb\u03af\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd (torn pages) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03ce\u03bd \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae. \u03a3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03ac\u03c1\u03b8\u03c1\u03bf, \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd hypervisors \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd, \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b2\u03ad\u03bb\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0397 \u03a3\u03cd\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u0391\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2: Hypervisors \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9 \u039c\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u0392\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u0394\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd<\/h2>\n<p>\u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03af \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b1 VM \u03b8\u03ad\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd, \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 I\/O.<\/p>\n<h3>\u03a0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b1 \u03bf\u03b9 Hypervisors<\/h3>\n<p>\u038c\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 hypervisor (\u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bf VMware ESXi, \u03bf Microsoft Hyper-V \u03ae \u03bf KVM) \u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf, \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b4\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf. \u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1, \u00ab\u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u00bb \u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b4\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5 (\u03c0.\u03c7. <code>.vmdk<\/code> \u03ae <code>.vhdx<\/code>) \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03bd\u03ad\u03bf \u03b4\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2 (delta disk). \u038c\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b3\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b4\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p>\u038c\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9, \u03bf hypervisor \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b5\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 (\u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03c7\u03c9\u03bd\u03b5\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9) \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b4\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2 \u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03c9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b4\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf. \u03a4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03ba\u03ad\u03c0\u03c4\u03b7 (guest). \u0391\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ce\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf.<\/p>\n<h3>\u03a0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u0392\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u0394\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd<\/h3>\n<p>\u039f\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 ACID (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability). \u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03cd\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03cc\u03c1\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 ACID, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b4\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf \u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9\u03c2. \u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1, \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03ad\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Buffer Pool \/ Shared Buffers:<\/strong> \u03a4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03bd\u03ae\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Write-Ahead Log (WAL) \/ Redo Logs:<\/strong> \u039f\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b4\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Checkpoints \/ Lazy Writers:<\/strong> \u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03b7 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03be\u03b5\u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 (flushes) \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 (dirty) \u03c3\u03b5\u03bb\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03bd\u03ae\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b4\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u039b\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2, \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b4\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03cc\u03bd \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd. \u0397 \u03b1\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b4\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf, \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03bd WAL\/Redo \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03bd\u03ae\u03bc\u03b7.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0397 \u0396\u03ce\u03bd\u03b7 \u039a\u03b9\u03bd\u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5: \u03a4\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 VM<\/h2>\n<p>\u038c\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf VM \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd, \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 <strong>\u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 (crash-consistent)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h3>\u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9 \u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u0395\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2<\/h3>\n<p>\u0388\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bd\u03b1 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D:<\/code> \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 WAL \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd <code>\u0394\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf E:<\/code>), \u03bf hypervisor \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03be\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03b4\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf. \u0395\u03ac\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5 WAL \u03bb\u03b7\u03c6\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03c9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 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\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf &#8220;VM Stun&#8221; \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd<\/h3>\n<p>\u0397 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u2014\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03c7\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd\u2014\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc \u03c9\u03c2 &#8220;VM Stun&#8221; (\u03c0\u03ac\u03b3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1 VM).<\/p>\n<p>\u0393\u03b9\u03b1 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\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 10-50 \u03c7\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03ad\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf. \u03a9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf, \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf I\/O, \u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03c7\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf VM \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03b1.<\/p>\n<p>\u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 VM stun:<br \/>\n* \u039f\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03c4\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9, \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 (timeouts) \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2.<br \/>\n* \u03a4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 (\u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 SQL Server Always On, PostgreSQL Patroni \u03ae MySQL Galera) \u03c7\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03bb\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd (heartbeat checks).<br \/>\n* \u03a4\u03bf \u03c3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2, \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03c4\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03af\u03b1 (failover) (\u03c3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf split-brain).<\/p>\n<h3>\u03a3\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5\u03bb\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 (Torn Pages) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 I\/O<\/h3>\n<p>\u039f\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ad\u03b8\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5\u03bb\u03af\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd (\u03c0.\u03c7. 8KB \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 PostgreSQL \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 SQL Server, 16KB \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 InnoDB). \u03a9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf, \u03c4\u03bf \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf I\/O \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba (\u03c0.\u03c7. 4KB \u03ae 512 bytes).<\/p>\n<p>\u0395\u03ac\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 hypervisor \u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03be\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ce\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03ae \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b7 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5\u03bb\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 8KB, \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b1 4KB \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bd\u03ad\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b1\u03af\u03b1 4KB \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 <strong>\u03c3\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5\u03bb\u03af\u03b4\u03b1<\/strong>. \u038c\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf, \u03b7 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5\u03bb\u03af\u03b4\u03b1, \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03cd\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03b8\u03c1\u03bf\u03af\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5 (checksum) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7.<\/p>\n<h2>\u03a0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd<\/h2>\n<p>\u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03bb\u03ac \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>PostgreSQL:<\/strong> \u0397 PostgreSQL \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf \u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf <code>pg_wal<\/code>. \u0395\u03ac\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd (<code>$PGDATA<\/code>) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf WAL \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd, \u03b7 PostgreSQL \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03cd\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03be\u03b5\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9, \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03bc\u03b1 <code>PANIC: could not locate a valid checkpoint record<\/code>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>MySQL\/InnoDB:<\/strong> \u0397 InnoDB \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 doublewrite buffer \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03b7\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5\u03bb\u03af\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd, \u03c4\u03bf \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03ac\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7. \u03a9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf, \u03b5\u03ac\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03bf <code>ibdata1<\/code> \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf <code>ib_logfile<\/code> \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03c9\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd, \u03b7 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae InnoDB \u03b8\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03ba\u03b1\u03bc\u03c8\u03b7.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Microsoft SQL Server:<\/strong> \u039f SQL Server \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03ac\u03b3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1 I\/O. \u03a7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae \u03b5\u03bd\u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 VSS (Volume Shadow Copy Service), \u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 SQL Server \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf VM \u03b8\u03b1 \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac \u03c3\u03b5 \u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c0\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c0\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae\u03c2, \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bf (PITR).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u0392\u03ad\u03bb\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd<\/h2>\n<p>\u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd, \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 <strong>\u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2 (application-consistent)<\/strong>. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03bf \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03b5\u03af \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd, \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03be\u03b5\u03c0\u03bb\u03cd\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03bd\u03ae\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b4\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03ac \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 I\/O \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf.<\/p>\n<h3>1. \u0391\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf Application-Aware Quiescing (VSS \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 fsfreeze)<\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u0393\u03b9\u03b1 Windows (SQL Server):<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03a0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03bb\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 Microsoft Volume Shadow Copy Service (VSS). \u038c\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 VSS, \u03bf SQL Server VSS Writer \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf I\/O \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd, \u03be\u03b5\u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ba\u03ba\u03c1\u03b5\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b4\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03c5\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0393\u03b9\u03b1 Linux (PostgreSQL \/ MySQL):<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03a4\u03bf Linux \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b8\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 VSS. \u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03cd\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2, \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 pre-freeze \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 post-thaw \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03ba\u03ad\u03c0\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 hypervisor (\u03c0.\u03c7. VMware Tools).<\/p>\n<p>\u0391\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 <code>pre-freeze-script<\/code> VMware \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 PostgreSQL 15+ \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">#!\/bin\/bash\n# \/usr\/sbin\/pre-freeze-script\n# \u0392\u03b5\u03b2\u03b1\u03b9\u03c9\u03b8\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf (chmod +x)\n\n# 1. \u03a0\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd PostgreSQL \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2\nsu - postgres -c \"psql -c \"SELECT pg_backup_start('vm_snapshot', true);\"\"\n\n# 2. \u039e\u03b5\u03c0\u03bb\u03cd\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1 buffers \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b4\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\nsync\n\n# 3. \u03a0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ce\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03bd (\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03ad\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \/var\/lib\/pgsql)\nfsfreeze -f \/var\/lib\/pgsql\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u039a\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03bf <code>post-thaw-script<\/code> \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c1\u03be\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">#!\/bin\/bash\n# \/usr\/sbin\/post-thaw-script\n\n# 1. \u039e\u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ce\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03bd\nfsfreeze -u \/var\/lib\/pgsql\n\n# 2. \u03a0\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd PostgreSQL \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03ce\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5\nsu - postgres -c \"psql -c \"SELECT pg_backup_stop();\"\"\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3>2. \u03a7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b5\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ae \u03b2\u03bf\u03b7\u03b8\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd<\/h3>\n<p>\u0391\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b1, \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 VM stun. \u0397 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ad\u03b3\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd, streaming \u03b2\u03bf\u03b7\u03b8\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03be\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd hypervisor.<\/p>\n<p><strong>PostgreSQL (pg_basebackup):<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">pg_basebackup -h localhost -U replication_user -D \/mnt\/backups\/pg_backup -Ft -z -P\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>MySQL\/MariaDB (Percona XtraBackup \/ Mariabackup):<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd hot, \u03bc\u03b7 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf redo log.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">mariabackup --backup --target-dir=\/mnt\/backups\/mysql_backup --user=root --password=SecurePass\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>SQL Server (T-SQL):<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-sql\">BACKUP DATABASE [ProductionDB] \nTO DISK = N'Z:BackupsProductionDB.bak' \nWITH NOFORMAT, NOINIT, NAME = N'ProductionDB-Full Backup', \nSKIP, NOREWIND, NOUNLOAD, COMPRESSION, STATS = 10;\nGO\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3>3. \u0395\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u0391\u03bd\u03ac\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bf (PITR) \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf\u03b8\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03ce\u03bd<\/h3>\n<p>\u0388\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf \u03ae \u03c0\u03bb\u03ae\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03cc \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bb\u03ae\u03c6\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5. \u0395\u03ac\u03bd \u03b7 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 4:00 \u03bc.\u03bc. \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b1\u03af\u03bf \u03c3\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 2:00 \u03c0.\u03bc., \u03c7\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 14 \u03ce\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd.<\/p>\n<p>\u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03cd\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1, \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bb\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03ae \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf\u03b8\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03ce\u03bd (\u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd WAL, Redo Logs \u03ae Transaction Logs \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03bb\u03af\u03b3\u03b1 \u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03ac). \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03cc \u03ae \u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ae.<\/p>\n<h2>\u03a3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u0395\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd \u0391\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf CloudSave<\/h2>\n<p>\u0397 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd pre-freeze scripts, \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd cron \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ae dumps \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03ba\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b9\u03ac\u03bb\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 DevOps. \u0395\u03b4\u03ce \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03ad\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf CloudSave \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7.<\/p>\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf CloudSave \u03b3\u03b5\u03c6\u03c5\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c7\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd. \u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03c5\u03c6\u03bb\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b1 hypervisor, \u03c4\u03bf CloudSave \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af \u03c0\u03c1\u03ac\u03ba\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 SQL Server, PostgreSQL, MySQL \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 Oracle.<\/p>\n<p>\u038c\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf CloudSave \u03be\u03b5\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03ac \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2:<br \/>\n1. \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03b5\u03af \u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03b5\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd API (\u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 VSS \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 Windows \u03ae \u03b5\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c2 WAL streaming \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 Linux).<br \/>\n2. \u039f\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03be\u03ad\u03c0\u03bb\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd buffers \u03bc\u03bd\u03ae\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b4\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac VM stuns.<br \/>\n3. \u0391\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03ae \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd.<br \/>\n4. \u0394\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd, \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u0391\u03bd\u03ac\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bf (PITR) \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bb\u03af\u03b3\u03b1 \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba.<\/p>\n<p>\u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf CloudSave, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03b3\u03b3\u03c5\u03b7\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b8\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ae \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2.<\/p>\n<h2>\u03a3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1<\/h2>\n<p>\u03a4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b1 \u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b8\u03b5\u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03c9\u03b4\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c3\u03cd\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 ACID \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd. \u0397 \u03b5\u03be\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b1 hypervisor \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b8\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bf\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03c3\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5\u03bb\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2, \u03c3\u03c0\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03ce\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd.<\/p>\n<p>\u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b1\u03c2, \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 quiescing \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2, \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 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\u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ac \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c2, \u03c0\u03bb\u03ae\u03c1\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03c5\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c2.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&gt; Discover why standard VM snapshots cause data corruption in transactional databases like PostgreSQL and SQL Server. 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